Liver development in the rat and in man during the embryonic period (Carnegie stages 11-23)

Godlewski, G; Gaubert-Cristol, R.; Rouy, S.; Prudhomme, Michel

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19971115)39:4<314::aid-jemt2>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The development of ductal plate took place surrounding large portal veins branches at eight weeks' gestation when the local hepatic cells formed a sleeve of cells which is the basis for individual bile ducts appearing at 14 weeks' gestation. It is consistent with numerous studies that have demonstrated that ductal plate cells are the progenitors for the bile duct epithelium lineage [14][15][16]. In this study, the ductal plate cells expressed AFP, GST-p, CD34, c-kit, CK19 and CK7 continuously (14 weeks …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Immunohistochemical characterization of hepatic stem cell-related cells in developing human liver

Xu¹,

Hu²,

Wang³

et al. 2007

Front. Med. China

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Little is known about the expression characteristics of the various kinds of possible markers in hepatic stem cells (HSCs) and other HSC-related cells in human fetal liver in various developmental stages. It is significant to investigate the immunohistochemical expression for better understanding of the origin, differentiation and migration of HSCs in the developing human liver. H-E staining and immunohistochemical methods were used to observe the expression of hepatic/cholangiocellular differentiation markers (AFP, GST-π, CK7, CK19) and hematopoietic stem cell markers(CD34 and c-kit) in several kinds of HSC-related cells in thirty cases of fetal liver samples (4-35 weeks after pregnancy). AFP expression appears in fetal hepatocytes at four weeks' gestation. It peaks at 16-24 weeks' gestation and decreases gradually afterwards. Finally, weak signals were only found in some ductal plate cells and a few limiting plate cells. GST-π was detected in hepatic cord cells from the sixth week and in the ductal plate cells from the eighth week. Twenty-six weeks later, only some ductal plate cells and a few limiting plate cells show positive signals. CK19 expression peaks during the 6th-11th weeks in hepatic cord cells and decreases gradually afterwards, except for the ductal plates. CK7 expression was limited in the ductal plate cells and bile ducts cells from the 14th week. CD34 and c-kit were detected at the eighth week in some ductal plate cells and a few mononuclear cells in the hepatic cords/mesenchymal tissue of portal areas. After 21 weeks, CD34 and c-kit were found only in ductal plate cells and a few mononuclear cells in the hepatic mesenchymal tissue of portal areas. Fetal hepatocytes at 4-16 weeks' gestation are mainly constituted by HSCs characterized with bi-potential differentiation capacity. At 16 weeks' gestation, most hepatic cord cells begin to differentiate into hepatocytes and abundant HSCs remain in ductal plate (the origin site of Hering canals). It is also indicated that the hematopoietic stem cells may give rise to some HSCs in embryonic liver. These indirectly support the hypothesis about the location and origin of HSCs in "liver valley hypothesis" reported previously.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Immunohistochemical characterization of hepatic stem cell-related cells in developing human liver

Xu¹,

Hu²,

Wang³

et al. 2007

Front. Med. China

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“…In the present case, we found liver nodules in the possible diaphragm anlage which did not have any mesothelial covering and showed mesenchymal abnormalities including paucity of stellate cells by cRBP-1 immunohistochemistry, limited hemopoiesis and paucity of ductal plates and bile ducts, suggesting that mesenchymal cells derived from mesothelium influence their development. The liver nodules surrounded dilated blood vessels and cords of cells grew into the stroma, similar to embryonic liver of about 26 days postovulation [14], suggesting that liver development failed to proceed beyond this early stage. Keratin 19 expression was increased in hepatocytes, similar to first trimester liver, indicating immaturity of hepatocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Case Report: Fetal Bilateral Diaphragmatic Agenesis, Ectopic Liver and Abnormal Pancreas

Loo

Pereira

Ramm

2015

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology

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Congenital bilateral diaphragm agenesis is a very rare condition. We describe limited (abdomen only) autopsy findings of a case of bilateral diaphragm agenesis in a 27-week male fetus with unusual findings of fibrosis of the pancreatic head and ectopic liver nodules in a mass at the upper abdomen that may represent a possible diaphragm anlage. We have correlated our observations with data from experimental and embryological studies to suggest possible mechanisms for the malformations that were present and their implications for our understanding of pancreas, liver and diaphragm development in the human fetus.

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“…Although both clinical studies and animal models suggest that the timing of exposure can be important, organs requiring a prolonged period of development, such as the liver (Godlewski et al . ) and pancreas (Gittes, ), are particularly vulnerable to insults at multiple time points. Therefore, metabolic dysfunction is commonly reported in offspring from animal models of maternal malnutrition, obesity and stress, as well as clinical studies with evidence of these exposures (see Fleming et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal alcohol exposure programmes offspring disease: insulin resistance in adult males in a rat model of acute exposure

Nguyen

Steane

Moritz

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Prenatal alcohol exposure has the potential to affect fetal development and programme chronic disease in offspring. Previous preclinical models typically use high, chronic doses of alcohol throughout pregnancy to examine effects on offspring, particularly on the brain and behaviour. In this study we use a rat model of moderate, acute, prenatal alcohol exposure to determine if this can be detrimental to maintenance of glucose homeostasis in adolescent and adult offspring. Although female offspring were relatively unaffected, there was evidence of insulin resistance in 6‐month‐old male offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol, suggestive of a pre‐diabetic state. This result suggests that even a relatively low‐dose, acute exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can still programme metabolic dysfunction in a sex‐specific manner. Abstract Alcohol consumption is highly prevalent amongst women of reproductive age. Given that approximately 50% of pregnancies are unplanned, alcohol has the potential to affect fetal development and programme chronic disease in offspring. We examined the effect of an acute but moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on glucose metabolism, lipid levels and dietary preference in adolescent and/or adult rat offspring. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats received an oral gavage of ethanol (1 g kg−1 maternal body weight, n = 9 dams) or an equivalent volume of saline (control, n = 8 dams) at embryonic days 13.5 and 14.5. PAE resulted in a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05–0.06% 1 h post‐gavage in dams. Fasting blood glucose concentration was not affected by PAE in offspring at any age, nor were blood glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test (GTT) in 6‐month‐old offspring (P > 0.5). However, there was evidence of insulin resistance in PAE male offspring at 6 months of age, with significantly elevated fasting plasma insulin (P = 0.001), a tendency for increased first phase insulin secretion during the GTT and impaired glucose clearance following an insulin challenge (P = 0.007). This was accompanied by modest alterations in protein kinase B (AKT) signalling in adipose tissue. PAE also resulted in reduced calorie consumption by offspring compared to controls (P = 0.04). These data suggest that a relatively low‐level, acute PAE programmes metabolic dysfunction in offspring in a sex‐specific manner. These results highlight that alcohol consumption during pregnancy has the potential to affect the long‐term health of offspring.

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Liver development in the rat and in man during the embryonic period (Carnegie stages 11-23)

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Immunohistochemical characterization of hepatic stem cell-related cells in developing human liver

Immunohistochemical characterization of hepatic stem cell-related cells in developing human liver

Case Report: Fetal Bilateral Diaphragmatic Agenesis, Ectopic Liver and Abnormal Pancreas

Prenatal alcohol exposure programmes offspring disease: insulin resistance in adult males in a rat model of acute exposure

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