Liver function in protein-energy malnutrition measured by cinnamic acid tolerance and benzoic acid tolerance: effect of carnitine supplementation

Ahern, Deborah; Mitchell, Madeleine E.

doi:10.1079/bjn19890110

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…First, we chemically as well as histologically demonstrated the formation of fatty liver in rats fed the lowprotein diet (28)(29)(30). Impaired liver functions (31) in rats fed a protein-restricted diet were also confirmed in the present study, as shown by the decreased level of serum albumin and increased level of serum AST activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Dietary Egg Yolk Supplementation Improves Low-Protein-Diet-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats

Erami

Tanaka

Kawamura

et al. 2016

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Egg yolk is an important source of nutrients and contains different bioactive substances. In the present study, we studied the benefits of egg yolk in preventing low-protein-diet-induced fatty liver in rats. Rats were fed the following diets, which were based on the AIN-76 formula, for 2 wk: an adequate-protein diet containing 20% casein (C), a lowprotein diet containing 5% casein (LP-C), a low-protein diet supplemented with 12.5% egg yolk (LP-EY), and a low-protein diet supplemented with 4.1% egg yolk oil (LP-EYO). The lowprotein diets were adjusted to contain 4.13% protein and 4.7% lipids. The LP-C diet resulted in a greater increase in the liver trigriceride (TG) and the vacuolation and a greater decrease in the serum TG and free fatty acid (FFA) than did the C diet. These deviations in the serum and liver TG, serum FFA levels and the liver histopathology were corrected in rats fed the LP-EY diet but not in those fed the LP-EYO diet. Compared to rats fed the LP-C diet, although the activities of lipogenesis-related enzymes (fatty acid synthase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme) decreased in rats fed both of the LP-EY and LP-EYO diets, the level of the microsomal TG transfer protein (MTP) increased only in rats fed the LP-EY diet. Collectively, these results suggest that dietary egg yolk supplementation decreases the LP diet-induced accumulation of TG in the liver by increasing transport of TG in the liver, and egg yolk oil alone is not sufficient enough to bring about these benefits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Dietary Egg Yolk Supplementation Improves Low-Protein-Diet-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats

Erami

Tanaka

Kawamura

et al. 2016

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…The acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio is an important regulating factor of the oxidation of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and fatty acids. Therefore carnitine may be effective at limiting the demands placed on cirrhotic subjects by acute stressors, such as a sudden increase in physical activity, an immunologic challenge, or acute malnutrition [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of l-Acetylcarnitine on Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatic Coma: Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

et al. 2006

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Multiple therapeutic modalities have been used to treat hepatic encephalopathy. L: -Acetylcarnitine (LAC) is a physiologically active substance that improves both the energetic and the neurotransmission profiles. LAC is able to cross the hematoencephalic barrier and reach the cerebral regions, where the acetylic group may be utilized. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of LAC in the treatment of hepatic coma in cirrhotic patients. Twenty-four suitably selected patients were enrolled in the study and, following randomization, received either LAC (n=13) or placebo (n=11). Statistically significant differences in neurological findings, as evaluated by the Glasgow Scale, as well as in ammonia serum levels and BUN were found following LAC treatment. In the placebo group we observed two cases of improved neurological findings as well as one case of improved EEG grading. In the other group we observed an improvement of neurological findings and of EEG grade in 10 and 8 subjects, respectively. Noteworthily, seven (54%) patients went from grade 4 down to grade 3, and one from grade 4 down to grade 1. The improvement in the neurological picture was evident at between 1 and 4 hr after the end of treatment, remaining until 24 hr after. No side effects were observed in our study series. Our study demonstrates that LAC administration improved neurological and biohumoral symptoms in selective cirrhotic patients with hepatic coma.

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“…7,9 observed reduction of benzoate metabolism in BDL rats. The metabolism of benzoic acid (benzoate) has been shown Benzoate metabolism was also studied in vivo by monito be decreased in rats with fatty liver caused by long-term toring the urinary hippurate excretion after intraperitointake of a protein-deficient diet 10 and in humans with acute neal administration of benzoate (100 mmol/100 g of body cholestasis and different types of chronic liver disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Benzoic Acid Metabolism Reflects Hepatic Mitochondrial Function in Rats With Long–Term Extrahepatic Cholestasis

Krähenbühl¹,

Reichen²,

Talos³

et al. 1997

Hepatology

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Many of the metabolic pathways of liver mitochondria are Benzoic acid metabolism, which is primarily a funcessential not only for the function of the liver but for the tion of liver mitochondria, depending on the concentrawhole organism. Examples of vital hepatic mitochondrial tion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), coenzyme A (CoA), functions include the first steps in gluconeogenesis, amino and glycine in the mitochondrial matrix, was investiacid metabolism, urea synthesis, and b-oxidation of fatty gated in both rats with long-term cholestasis caused by acids. A partial or complete loss of some of these functions bile duct ligation (BDL) and sham-operated control rats.in humans or experimental animals with liver disease may In isolated liver mitochondria, hippurate production therefore be critical for prognosis and survival. Some mitofrom benzoate in the presence of saturating glycine conchondrial functions have been investigated and proposed to centrations was reduced in BDL rats by 36% with L-glube useful as liver function tests in patients or animals with tamate as a source for ATP, by 21% in the presence of liver disease. For instance, Michaletz et al. described a breath succinate, and by 31% in the presence of ATP plus oligotest that measures the decarboxylation of a-ketoisocaproic mycine. This reduction in benzoate metabolism is in the acid, the first metabolite of leucine. 1 Assessment of a-ketoisosame range as the previously observed reduction in the caproic acid decarboxylation has been shown to reflect heactivity of the electron transport chain in liver mitopatic mitochondrial function in rats treated with the mitochondria from BDL rats. The mitochondrial CoA pool, chondrial toxin 4-pentenoic acid 1 and in alcoholics with or which can be rate-limiting for benzoic acid metabolism, without cirrhosis. 2 Similarily, urea production from infused was not different between BDL and control rats. The amino acids has been shown to be decreased in patients and activity of benzoyl-CoA synthase, the enzyme catalyzing experimental animals with cirrhosis and to reflect the functhe rate-limiting step in benzoate metabolism, was retional liver cell mass. [3][4][5] The arterial b-hydroxybutyrate/aceduced by 25%, and the activity of benzoyl-CoA:glycine toacetate ratio, which is an indicator of the hepatic NADH/ N-transferase was reduced by 66% in BDL rats. The ac-NAD ratio and therefore of the function of the electron transtivity of benzoyl-CoA synthase was significantly inhibport chain in liver mitochondria, 6 has been proposed to reflect ited by lithocholate, suggesting that hepatic accumulaliver function and to be of prognostic significance in pation of hydrophobic bile acids could contribute to the tients 7,8 and in experimental animals with cirrhosis. 7,9observed reduction of benzoate metabolism in BDL rats. The metabolism of benzoic acid (benzoate) has been shown Benzoate metabolism was also studied in vivo by monito be decreased in rats with fatty liver caused by long-term toring the urinary hippurate excretion af...

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Liver function in protein-energy malnutrition measured by cinnamic acid tolerance and benzoic acid tolerance: effect of carnitine supplementation

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Dietary Egg Yolk Supplementation Improves Low-Protein-Diet-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats

Dietary Egg Yolk Supplementation Improves Low-Protein-Diet-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats

Effects of l-Acetylcarnitine on Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatic Coma: Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Benzoic Acid Metabolism Reflects Hepatic Mitochondrial Function in Rats With Long–Term Extrahepatic Cholestasis

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