Livestock Genomics for Developing Countries – African Examples in Practice

Marshall, Karen; Gibson, John P.; Mwai, Okeyo Ally; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Haile, Aynalem; Getachew, Tesfaye; Mrode, Raphael; Kemp, Stephen J.

doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00297

Cited by 96 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Other contributory factors include a shift to profit-oriented farming, shrinkage of grazing lands and development of irrelevant policies with a bias towards the commercial production system. Lack of active involvement of key stakeholders and/or the poor coordination among them [27,37,38], and the lack of socioeconomic valuation of cattle genetic resources [33], climate change, and diversifying market demands [32] all contribute to loss of cattle genetic resources.…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Of Cattle Breeds In Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Innovative breeding programmes, including community-based breeding programmes (CBBP), should be considered for smallholder cattle farmers [43]. The success of CBBP has been hindered by the centralisation of the schemes by governments or research institutes without the farmers' active participation [38,43,44]. Stakeholders' participatory approaches to CBBP policy formulation addressing local needs are key to success [36,44].…”

Section: Cattle Breeding and Reproduction Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies for Sustainable Use of Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources in Southern Africa

et al. 2019

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Indigenous cattle breeds are the most important livestock species in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region owing to their role in human food, nutrition, income, and social security. Despite the role of these breeds in the household and national economies, they are currently underutilised, their productivity remains low, and populations are faced with extinction. In addition, there are insufficient measures taken to secure their present and future value. The current review highlights strategies for sustainable use of indigenous cattle genetic resources in the region, including the use of novel production and marketing practices, women and youth empowerment, and development of the appropriate capacity building, legislative, and policy structures. At present, the lack of coordination among the different stakeholders still poses a challenge to the implementation of these strategies. To this end, partnerships, collaboration, and stakeholders’ participation are recommended to effectively implement strategies for sustainable use of indigenous cattle breeds.

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Section: Genetic Diversity Of Cattle Breeds In Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cattle Breeding and Reproduction Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Sustainable Use of Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources in Southern Africa

et al. 2019

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“…A study in East Africa has also compared farmer and field staff assessments of breed, based on phenotypic appearance with the admixture determinations of breed composition. They showed that that phenotype-based assessments were very poor predictors of actual breed composition ( R 2 = 0.16) (Marshall et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A putative genomic map for resistance ofBos indicuscattle in Cameroon to bovine tuberculosis

Callaby

Kelly

Mazeri

et al. 2020

Preprint

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2Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a livestock disease of global 3 economic and public health importance. There are currently no effective vaccines available for 4 livestock and so control relies on animal level surveillance and pasteurisation of dairy products. A 5 new alternative control approach is to exploit the genetic variability of the host; recent studies 6 have demonstrated that breeding Bos taurus cattle for increased resistance to bTB is feasible. 7 The utility of such an approach is still unknown for the Bos indicus cattle population. This study 8 aims to assess genetic variation in bTB resistance and the underlying genomic architecture in 9 Bos indicus breeds in Cameroon. 10 We conducted a cross-sectional study of slaughter cattle in Cameroon and genotyped a sample 11 of 213 cattle. Their genomic diversity was characterised using PCA, hierarchical clustering and 12 admixture analysis. We assessed genetic variation in bTB resistance using heritability analysis 13 and compared quantitative trait loci. 14 Previous studies had found that breed was an important factor in explaining the epidemiology 15 of bTB, with Fulani cattle appearing to be more susceptible than mixed breeds. However, we 16 show that the apparent phenotypic differences in visual appearance between the breeds was 17 not reflected by clear genomic differences. At the genetic level, cattle belonging to different 18 hierarchical genomic clusters differed in their susceptibility to bTB. There was evidence of a 19 genomic association between M. bovis infection status with specific SNPs. 20 We highlight the need to understand the challenges faced by livestock in specific settings both 21 in terms of pathogens and the environment, in addition to their intended purpose and how they 22 fit into a defined management system. It is only at this point livestock keepers can then make 23 informed breeding choices, not only for resistance to disease but also for increasing production. 24

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“…In recent years community-based breeding programs have been practiced in Ethiopia [15,16]. Hence, higher genetic diversity i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five Novel PRNP Gene Polymorphisms and Their Potential Effect on Scrapie Susceptibility in Three Native Ethiopian Sheep Breeds

Teferedegn

Yaman

Ün³

2020

Preprint

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Background: Classical scrapie susceptibility in sheep has been linked to three polymorphisms at codon 136, 154, and 171 in the prion protein gene (PRNP) whereas atypical scrapie susceptibility is related to polymorphisms at position 141. Many other variants over the length of the PRNP have been reported. Some of the variants may play crucial roles in fighting against the emergence of a new form of scrapie disease. Scrapie surveillance, scrapie associated genotyping and PRNP characterization studies have been conducted across the globe. However, such in-depth studies have never addressed the African continent’s sheep breeds. Therefore, genotyping native Ethiopian sheep breed’s PRNP gene has socioeconomic and scientific merits. This study aimed to identify PRNP variants in three native Ethiopian sheep breeds and their potential effect on scrapie susceptibility. Results : Five novel variants were identified in the PRNP gene of three native Ethiopian sheep breeds. Four non-synonymous heterozygous substitutions i.e. H99Q (CAC-->CAA), H99L (CAC-->CTA), A116E (GCA-->GAA), A116T (GCA-->ACA), and one synonymous N103N (AAC-->AAT) were detected. In addition to the novel variants, polymorphisms at codon 126,127,138,142,146,231, and 237 were also identified. The haplotype ARR was observed in Menz and Afar breeds at frequencies of 0.02 and 0.05 respectively. Neither ARR/ARR nor VRQ/VRQ genotypes were identified in the population under study. Conclusion: Two of the novel variants at codon 99 and 103 that are placed closer to the proteinase K cleavage site and the variant at codon 116 in the palindrome region along with variants at codon 127 in glycine repeat domain may influence the conformational flexibility of prion protein. The rarity of ARR haplotype and the abundance of 141L variant demonstrated that the present study population was less resistant to classical scrapie and less predisposed to genotype associated atypical scrapie. This study provides a valuable dataset that can be potentially integrated into selective breeding strategies during interbreeding, crossbreeding and help to take precautionary measures against scrapie.

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Livestock Genomics for Developing Countries – African Examples in Practice

Cited by 96 publications

References 78 publications

Strategies for Sustainable Use of Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources in Southern Africa

Strategies for Sustainable Use of Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources in Southern Africa

A putative genomic map for resistance ofBos indicuscattle in Cameroon to bovine tuberculosis

Five Novel PRNP Gene Polymorphisms and Their Potential Effect on Scrapie Susceptibility in Three Native Ethiopian Sheep Breeds

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