Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Tonga: A Qualitative Investigation of the barriers and enablers to lifestyle management

Abstract

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Tonga little is known of the experiences of adults living with this non-communicable disease. This investigation aimed to explore the barriers and enablers to healthy lifestyles in a group of men and women living with type 2 diabetes mellitus residing in this pacific island nation.Methods: This qualitative study consisted of three semi-structured focus groups (n=16) which were conducted at Tonga’s only Public Hospital located in the capital, Nuku’alofa. Discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, cross-checked for consistency, and entered into a word processing document for analysis. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesise results.Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) Knowledge and Support; (2) Fear and Motivation; 3) Physical and Psychological Environment; and (4) Faith and Culture. Conclusion: The qualitative findings from this study may assist the future development and dissemination of culturally appropriate lifestyle-related information for men and women living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom Tonga. The need for collaboration between practitioners at the hospital, the church, family members and local traditional healers is important if the lifestyle-related needs and wants of this group of people are to be met.