Local and Regional Scale Evaluation of the Integrated Urban Land Model by Comparing with the Common Land Model

Abstract

Land surface evaporation is not only an important parameter in natural land surface modeling, but a crucial important parameter in urban hydrology modeling. A whole-layer soil evaporation scheme was developed in the integrated urban land model (IUM) to improve the soil evaporation simulation. e impervious surface evaporation (ISE) was used as a component of urban water balance equation. In this paper, the integrated urban land model was validated at one desert site and six urban road sites to emphasize the improvement in the evaporation simulations for arid and urban areas. A sensitivity analysis was implemented in seven basins to expand the utility of the whole layer soil evaporation scheme. For the urban road sites, the validation results indicate that imperious surface evaporation (ISE) plays a crucial role in road surface temperature (RST) simulations on rainy days. For the desert site, the validation results show that the inner layer evaporation is very important in arid regions. For the basins, the analysis results indicate that the relative monthly mean differences in the evapotranspiration (ET) between the simulations with (IUM) and without (Common Land Model (CoLM)) considering the inner layer evaporation range from −8% to 8%, which is proportional to the degree of dryness. In arid areas, especially deserts, the inner layer soil evaporation could not be neglected.

Using nighttime light data to estimate water evaporation inside buildings in China's urban areas

“…Previous studies have mainly analyzed and calculated urban natural ET (Meng & Zhang, 2019; Ramamurthy & Bou‐Zeid, 2014; Van Stan et al, 2017; Zhou et al, 2021), the research objects are mostly impervious surfaces, soil, trees, etc. And several methods have been used to estimate urban ET, including the water and heat balance method, aerodynamics, and Penman–Monteith.…”

Mechanisms and Empirical Modeling of Evaporation from Hardened Surfaces in Urban Areas

“…For municipal roads in urban areas, water on roads comes from natural rainfall and artificial sprinkling [ 17 ]. Furthermore, the evaporation on the imperious surfaces occurs after rain or after artificial sprinkling [ 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] and plays a crucial role in road surface temperature simulations on rainy days [ 23 ]. Pervious hardened surfaces are structures that connect the surface and underground soil, which mean the rain water can infiltrate into the underground soil and the soil moisture can evaporate into the air through the pervious structure [ 24 ].…”

“…Meanwhile, urban hardened surfaces and human activity altered the land surface radiation balance, energy balance, and water balance [ 26 , 27 ]. Moreover, many parameters used in calculation and simulation, such as the roughness length, albedo, permeability, were changed [ 23 ] Less research has been done to revise the parameters of traditional evapotranspiration in urban evaporation calculation. For much research, evaporation is considered to be energy-constrained, and most of the evaporation calculations are based on the energy equation.…”