Local and Scientific Knowledge Integration for Multi-risk Assessment in Rural Niger

Tiepolo, Maurizio; Braccio, Sarah

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59096-7_11

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The methodology adopted, as described by Tiepolo et al [44], considers the risk (R) as "the probability of occurrence of hazardous events or trends multiplied by the consequences if these events occur" [45]. The potential damages have already been used as a component of the risk function in both Niger [46] and the developing countries of South Asia.…”

Section: Risk Knowledge: Risk Assessment At Local Level and Flood Scementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydraulic numerical model was also used to calculate the conveyance time of the flood wave: the upstream hydrometer of Bossey Bangou provides notice of between 20 (Touré), 26 (Larba Birno) and 28 hours (Garbey Kourou and Tallé) [27]. Scenarios include the identification of exposed assets (houses, orchards, crops, pits, barns and wells) and their value, as described by Tiepolo et al [46]. Table 2 reports the value of the assets that could be damaged in the four main riverine villages by a flood event with a magnitude equal to the hazard threshold.…”

Section: Risk Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cools et al [71] Scolobig et al [66] Municipalities are empowered with flooding area maps at different scales, the list of assets at risk for each village and flood scenarios and flood risk reduction plans for the main villages in the territory [46]. Defining the contingency actions of risk reduction [46] GUI of the SLAPIS are designed to integrate i) top-down and bottom-up approaches…”

Section: Preparedness and Contingency Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Local community participation-end users can actively contribute to all four components of EWS [3,61,64,71]: communities are key actors in Participatory Local Risk assessment [44], discharge monitoring at a local level (SCAP-RU), communicating the observed levels of vigilance (SCAP-RU) and defining the contingency actions of risk reduction [46]. Furthermore, the technical architecture and GUI of the SLAPIS are designed to integrate (i) top-down and bottom-up approaches, (ii) hydrological forecasts and observations with local perception of populations and a lead time suitable for operational decision-making processes at national and local levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Community and Impact Based Early Warning System for Flood Risk Preparedness: The Experience of the Sirba River in Niger

et al. 2020

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Floods have recently become a major hazard in West Africa (WA) in terms of both their magnitude and frequency. They affect livelihoods, infrastructure and production systems, hence impacting on Sustainable Development (SD). Early Warning Systems (EWS) for floods that properly address all four EWS components, while also being community and impact-based, do not yet exist in WA. Existing systems address only the main rivers, are conceived in a top-down manner and are hazard-centered. This study on the Sirba river in Niger aims to demonstrate that an operational community and impact-based EWS for floods can be set up by leveraging the existing tools, local stakeholders and knowledge. The main finding of the study is that bridging the gap between top-down and bottom-up approaches is possible by directly connecting the available technical capabilities with the local level through a participatory approach. This allows the beneficiaries to define the rules that will develop the whole system, strengthening their ability to understand the information and take action. Moreover, the integration of hydrological forecasts and observations with the community monitoring and preparedness system provides a lead time suitable for operational decision-making at national and local levels. The study points out the need for the commitment of governments to the transboundary sharing of flood information for EWS and SD.

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Section: Risk Knowledge: Risk Assessment At Local Level and Flood Scementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparedness and Contingency Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community and Impact Based Early Warning System for Flood Risk Preparedness: The Experience of the Sirba River in Niger

et al. 2020

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“…The risk assessment considers the risk (R) as 'the probability of occurrence of hazardous events or trends multiplied by the consequences if these events occur' [44]. The risk is therefore the product of the hazard (H), or 'the potential occurrence of a natural or human-induced physical event or trend, or physical impact, that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, and environmental resources' and the potential damages (D): R = H × D. The damages from flooding have already been considered as a determinant of the risk in Niger [45], in the Global South [46][47][48][49][50][51], and in the OECD member states [52,53]. The equation used is an alternative to the one that includes exposure, vulnerability, and adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Assessment for Risk-Informed Planning along the Sirba River, Niger

et al. 2019

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South of the Sahara, flood vulnerability and risk assessments at local level rarely identify the exposed areas according to the probability of flooding or the actions in place, or localize the exposed items. They are, therefore, of little use for local development, risk prevention, and contingency planning. The aim of this article is to assess the flood risk, providing useful information for local planning and an assessment methodology useful for other case studies. As a result, the first step involves identifying the information required by the local plans most used south of the Sahara. Four rural communities in Niger, frequently flooded by the Sirba River, are then considered. The risk is the product of the probability of a flood multiplied by the potential damage. Local knowledge and knowledge derived from a hydraulic numerical model, digital terrain model, very high resolution multispectral orthoimages, and daily precipitation are used. The assessment identifies the probability of fluvial and pluvial flooding, the exposed areas, the position, quantity, type, replacement value of exposed items, and the risk level according to three flooding scenarios. Fifteen actions are suggested to reduce the risk and to turn adversity into opportunity.

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Addressing Climate Change Impacts in the Sahel Using Vulnerability Reduction Credits

Schultz¹,

Adler²

2017

Renewing Local Planning to Face Climate Change in the Tropics

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Adaptation projects may be difficult to prioritize and finance, as the results of projects are difficult to quantifiably measure and compare across project types, and no singular "unit" for adaptation outcomes exists. The Higher Ground Foundation is developing the Vulnerability Reduction Credit (VRC™), which incorporates cost/benefit analysis and per capita vulnerability equalization tools to measure the outputs of climate adaptation projects. The VRC quantifies in a singular unit measures to reduce vulnerability to climate change. This chapter summarizes the structure and utility of VRCs and shows through a case study from Talle, Niger, how VRCs are created and integrated into Sahelian community adaptations to heterogeneous climate risks such as flooding and droughts. VRC analysis and crediting may serve as a monitoring and evaluation tool and as an instrument to help secure project finance while supporting sustained adaptation. The chapter further considers the potential benefits to governments, donors and economies. VRC financing has advantages over standard development assistance models, particularly for project risk management, project preparation, enhanced transparency of adaptation spend, and scaling of successful pilot projects throughout an economy. Keywords IntroductionClimate change is happening and it is impacting communities around the world. While all nations will be impacted by climate change, primarily for the worse, the poorest countries face the most human vulnerability.Sub-Saharan Africa is both particularly vulnerable to climate change and lacking sufficient adaptive capacity to address many of the impacts on agriculture, the built environment, health, and other sectors. The economic impact of climate change will be considerable; by the end of the century climate change is estimated to cost 10% of Africa's GDP, and the costs of effective adaptation could be between $US 10 billion and £UK 30 billion per year by 2030 (Pan African Climate Justice Alliance 2009). Africa will bear the highest costs per capita in terms of GDP (Watkiss et al. 2016).In the context of planning processes, research has shown few examples of climate information being integrated into the planning of long-term development. Reasons given for this include short-term development challenges focusing decision-makers' attention on shorter timescales, a lack of both serviceable medium-to long-term climate information and integrated assessments of climate impacts, vulnerability, or adaptation, and a communication mismatch between the producers and users of climate information (Jones et al. 2015).Although expenditures are generally viewed as insufficient, a considerable amount of adaptation investment is already taking place in developing countries. Overseas development assistance is considerable, but the traditional approach (as typified by the Paris Climate Agreement) for financing climate adaptation in developing countries is to set a global monetary target, rather than focus on vulnerability reduction as the measure o...

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Local and Scientific Knowledge Integration for Multi-risk Assessment in Rural Niger

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Community and Impact Based Early Warning System for Flood Risk Preparedness: The Experience of the Sirba River in Niger

Community and Impact Based Early Warning System for Flood Risk Preparedness: The Experience of the Sirba River in Niger

Flood Assessment for Risk-Informed Planning along the Sirba River, Niger

Addressing Climate Change Impacts in the Sahel Using Vulnerability Reduction Credits

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