Local and systemic immune responses following infection of broiler-type chickens with avian Metapneumovirus subtypes A and B

Rautenschlein, Silke; Aung, Ye Htut; Haase, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.11.003

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…All monoclonal antibodies were procured from SouthernBiotech (Birmingham, AL, USA). The staining procedure was performed as described earlier (26). For each sample, the average number of positive cells/ϫ400 microscopic field was calculated for each cell type (26).…”

Section: Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal, Cellular, and Humoral Immune Responses Induced by Different Live Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination Regimes and Protection Conferred against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Q1 Strain

Chhabra

Forrester

Lemière

et al. 2015

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The objectives of the present study were to assess the mucosal, cellular, and humoral immune responses induced by two different infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccination regimes and their efficacy against challenge by a variant IBV Q1. One-day-old broiler chicks were vaccinated with live H120 alone (group I) or in combination with CR88 (group II). The two groups were again vaccinated with CR88 at 14 days of age (doa). One group was kept as the control (group III). A significant increase in lachrymal IgA levels was observed at 4 doa and then peaked at 14 doa in the vaccinated groups. The IgA levels in group II were significantly higher than those in group I from 14 doa. Using immunohistochemistry to examine changes in the number of CD4 ؉ and CD8؉ cells in the trachea, it was found that overall patterns of CD8 ؉ cells were dominant compared to those of CD4 ؉ cells in the two vaccinated groups. CD8؉ cells were significantly higher in group II than those in group I at 21 and 28 doa. All groups were challenged oculonasally with a virulent Q1 strain at 28 doa, and their protection was assessed. The two vaccinated groups gave excellent ciliary protection against Q1, although group II's histopathology lesion scores and viral RNA loads in the trachea and kidney showed greater levels of protection than those in group I. These results suggest that greater protection is achieved from the combined vaccination of H120 and CR88 of 1-day-old chicks, followed by CR88 at 14 doa. T he prevention of infectious bronchitis (IB) in chickens isachieved through the use of live and inactivated vaccines, which provide protection against virulent field IB viruses (IBVs) in the event of an exposure. Despite these preventative measures, outbreaks of IB frequently occur in many poultry producing countries (1-3). This is probably due to the emergence of new variants of infectious bronchitis virus (1-5). For the successful protection of chickens against infection, it is essential to identify the prevalent genotypes in the region, determine the cross-protective potential of available vaccines, and optimize strategic vaccination programs.IB was first described in the United States during the 1930s and was identified in the United Kingdom in 1948. Thereafter, many IBV variants were isolated from Europe, significantly a variant called 793B that emerged in the 1990s (6). Later, IBV QX was first identified in China (7) before spreading to Europe (8). Another IBV genotype, Q1, genetically and serologically distinct from the classical IBVs, was also reported in China (9), the Middle East (10), and Europe (11). To contain this strain, an effective vaccination program is needed. However, very little is known about the cross protection induced by the commercially available vaccines or vaccination regimes against this variant Q1.An effective and long-lasting protection against IBV infection requires the activation of effector, memory cell-mediated, and humoral immune responses (HIRs) against the virus (12). A number of studies have reported the systemi...

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Section: Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal, Cellular, and Humoral Immune Responses Induced by Different Live Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination Regimes and Protection Conferred against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Q1 Strain

Chhabra

Forrester

Lemière

et al. 2015

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…In most immunoprophylaxis programs, one-day-old turkey poults are administered live attenuated vaccines against TRT by coarse spray to provide the earliest possible protection of the upper respiratory tract against aMPV infections [ 6 ]. Despite the above, TRT outbreaks in the field are noted very frequently [ 7 - 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humoral immunity is strongly stimulated by vaccination or aMPV infection [ 7 , 10 - 13 ], but antibodies do not play a key role in protection against TRT and should not be considered as indicators of immunity against aMPV infections [ 7 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 - 16 ]. It has been shown, however, that high antibody titers suppress aMPV replication in the upper respiratory tract, thus alleviating the clinical course of TRT [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of vaccine-induced immunity against TRT in turkeys depends remarkably on the level of maternal antibodies and the age of birds on the day of vaccination

et al. 2015

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BackgroundAvian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) infections are a huge economical issue for the poultry industry worldwide. Although maternal antibodies do not protect turkey poults against turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT), almost no studies have been conducted so far regarding the impact of these antibodies on vaccine induced immunity development against aMPV infection. We conducted four experiments on commercial turkeys aimed at comparing local humoral and cell mediated immune response of maternally delivered anti-aMPV antibody positive (MDA+; Experiment I and II) and negative (MDA-; Experiment III and IV) turkeys following vaccination with an attenuated live aMPV subtype A vaccine at the day of hatch (Experiment I and III) or at two weeks of age (Experiment II and IV).ResultsRegardless of the birds’ age, vaccination of MDA- turkeys resulted in strong stimulation of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the Harderian gland and tracheal mucosa, whereas vaccination of MDA+ birds stimulated mainly CD4+ T cells in those structures. An increase in the level of anti-aMPV IgY antibodies was noted in the serum (but not in tracheal washings) as early as 7 days after vaccination, but only in birds possessing low levels (MDA+ birds vaccinated at 2 weeks of age) or no maternal anti-aMPV antibodies at the time of vaccination. In MDA+ turkeys vaccinated at hatch, the decrease in serum levels of maternal anti-aMPV antibodies proceeded faster (in comparison to control group), which, together with faster viral clearance, indicates that maternal antibodies can inhibit vaccine virus replication and influence the development of vaccine-induced immunity.ConclusionThis study provides the first documented evidence that the frequency of TRT outbreaks in the field and/or failure of TRT vaccination could be correlated with differences in the immunological status and/or age of vaccinated turkeys.

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“…Up to date, little is known about the role of sIgA in the protection against TRT. Rautenschlein et al (2011) reported that aMPV/A or B infection of chickens induces local production of IgA. Additionally, Cha et al (2007) demonstrated a significant increase in the numbers of infiltrating IgA + B cells in nasal turbinates 7 days after the first aMPV/C exposure, with an elevated level of aMPV-specific IgA detected in the nasal secretions of virus-exposed birds after the second, but not after the first, virus exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…TRT outbreaks are recorded frequently in the field, despite the fact that turkey poults are widely vaccinated against this disease on the first day of their life (Liman and Rautenschlein 2007, Catelli et al 2010, Rautenschlein et al 2011, Smialek et al 2012. Cell-mediated immunity is increasingly often considered as the decisive factor in protection against TRT (Jones et al 1992, Liman and Rautenschlein 2007, Smialek et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-step Anti-aMPV IgA Expression Profile Evaluation in Turkeys of Different Immunological Status after TRT Vaccination

Smiałek¹,

Tykałowski²,

Pestka³

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Maternally derived antibodies (MDA) don not protect turkeys against rhinotracheitis (TRT) but high MDA influences upper respiratory tract (URT) immunity stimulation after avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) vaccination. Humoral immunity can not be considered as an indicator of protection against TRT, but specific antibodies inhibit aMPV replication and alleviate the course of TRT. Scarce reports indicate the role of IgA in protection against TRT. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of MDA on stimulation, antigen specificity acquisition of B lymphocytes, and the production of specific IgA after TRT vaccination of turkeys.The results of our study indicate that MDA on the day of TRT vaccination causes disturbances at different levels of specific humoral immunity expression including antigen specificity acquisition of B IgA + lymphocytes as well as production and secretion of IgA. Vaccine immunity against aMPV associated with sIgA is well expressed in birds not possessing MDA on the day of TRT vaccination, whereas it is inhibited in MDA + birds.These results corroborate our previous findings and indicate that MDA could be responsible for TRT vaccination failure. These findings could explain the observed frequency of TRT field outbreaks despite aMPV vaccination of turkey flocks.

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Local and systemic immune responses following infection of broiler-type chickens with avian Metapneumovirus subtypes A and B

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Mucosal, Cellular, and Humoral Immune Responses Induced by Different Live Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination Regimes and Protection Conferred against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Q1 Strain

Mucosal, Cellular, and Humoral Immune Responses Induced by Different Live Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination Regimes and Protection Conferred against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Q1 Strain

Development of vaccine-induced immunity against TRT in turkeys depends remarkably on the level of maternal antibodies and the age of birds on the day of vaccination

Three-step Anti-aMPV IgA Expression Profile Evaluation in Turkeys of Different Immunological Status after TRT Vaccination

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