Local Anesthetics

García, Eva Rioja

doi:10.1002/9781119421375.ch17

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 304 publications

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“…Lidocaine and benzocaine are other LA that could be used in FPS. Lidocaine has a rapid onset time and a duration of action of approximately 1 hour 41 . Given this procedure was likely to last a few hours, a longer acting LA was preferable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given this procedure was likely to last a few hours, a longer acting LA was preferable. Benzocaine has a rapid onset but a short duration of action, but in several species, it can cause methemoglobinemia, so was not chosen 41 . Additional analgesia would have been provided in the postoperative period in the form of NSAIDs, and if required alpha‐2 adrenoceptor agonists or ketamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transverse abdominal plane block in a llama undergoing midline coeliotomy

Thomson

Deutsch²

2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 3‐year‐old llama was presented for management of bilateral ureter obstruction. A general anaesthetic was performed to allow a midline coeliotomy to be undertaken. Due to current legislation, the provision of adequate analgesia can be challenging. The transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block is a locoregional technique that can be used to provide analgesia of the ventral abdominal wall in numerous species. The TAP block was performed in this case to provide intraoperative analgesia using mepivacaine. This is the first time this technique has been described in the llama. Based on intraoperative monitoring, the TAP block appears to provide analgesia intra‐operatively. Due to the degree of damage to the ureters, the llama was euthanised under general anaesthesia, so an assessment of postoperative analgesia provided by the block could not be assessed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse abdominal plane block in a llama undergoing midline coeliotomy

Thomson

Deutsch²

2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Lidocaine added to an organ bath was shown to decrease the contractility enhancement of bovine myometrial strips affected by xylazine (Piccinno et al.,2016a). However, the systemic absorption of local anaesthetics is delayed when they contain a vasoconstrictor such as epinephrine (Rioja Garcia, 2015) but an adverse effect on myometrial contractility cannot be ruled out. However, comparison of different LPS concentrations was intra‐individual, and therefore, we can assume that all myometrial strips from a given cow were subject to the same conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro effects of lipopolysaccharides on bovine uterine contractility

Wiebe

Pfarrer

Martin

et al. 2020

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Metritis is an important disorder in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. Myometrial contractility is a prerequisite for uterine involution; however, very scanty literature is available about the effect of metritis on this process and endocrine responsiveness. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of inflammation on uterine contractility in vitro, and the inflammation was induced by incubating myometrial strips with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Myometrial samples were collected from 17 healthy Holstein Friesian cows during caesarean section. Eight longitudinal strips from each cow were incubated in organ baths with LPS concentrations of 0 (LPS0), 0.1 (LPS0.1), 1 (LPS1) and 10 µg/ml (LPS10). Spontaneous contractility and contractility induced by increasing concentrations of oxytocin (10–10 – 10–7 mol/L) were recorded during nine 30‐min intervals (T1 to T9). The minimum amplitude (minA), maximum amplitude (maxA), mean amplitude (meanA) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for each time interval. LPS had an effect (p ≤ .05) on maxA, meanA and AUC. In T1, myometrial strips incubated with LPS0.1 and LPS1 had higher (p ≤ .05) maxA, meanA and AUC than the strips incubated with LPS0. In T9 without oxytocin, LPS0 led to higher (p ≤ .05) maxA, meanA and AUC than LPS0.1 and LPS1. In T8 and T9 with oxytocin, LPS1 had lower (p ≤ .05) maxA, meanA and AUC than the other LPS concentrations. Interestingly, the results show that LPS has a transient positive effect on myometrial contractility in vitro and that this effect is dependent on LPS concentration and duration of incubation.

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“…Lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and ropivacaine are the most commonly used [ 89 ]. Their mechanism of action is through the reversible blockade of voltage-gated Na2+ channels that impedes the transduction of harmful signals and their ensuing transmission [ 90 ]. As occurs with sensitive signals, when LA are administered motor signals are also inhibited, generating a decrease in the contraction of both skeletal and smooth muscle, as numerous studies have shown [ 13 , 91 , 92 ].…”

Section: Local Analgesicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesia during Parturition in Domestic Animals: Perspectives and Controversies on Its Use

Mota-Rojas

Velarde

Marcet-Rius

et al. 2022

Animals

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This article analyzes the physiological role of pain during parturition in domestic animals, discusses the controversies surrounding the use of opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local analgesics as treatments during labor, and presents the advantages and disadvantages for mother and offspring. Labor is a potentially stressful and painful event, due to the contractions that promote expulsion of the fetus. During labor, neurotransmitters such as the prostaglandins contribute to the sensitization of oxytocin receptors in the myometrium and the activation of nociceptive fibers, thus supporting the physiological role of pain. Endogenously, the body secretes opioid peptides that modulate harmful stimuli and, at the same time, can inhibit oxytocin’s action in the myometrium. Treating pain during the different stages of parturition is an option that can help prevent such consequences as tachycardia, changes in breathing patterns, and respiratory acidosis, all of which can harm the wellbeing of offspring. However, studies have found that some analgesics can promote myometrial contractility, increase expulsion time, affect fetal circulation, and alter mother–offspring recognition due to hypnotic effects. Other data, however, indicate that reducing the number of uterine contractions with analgesics increases their potency, thus improving maternal performance. Managing pain during labor requires understanding the tocolytic properties of analgesics and their advantages in preventing the consequences of pain.

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Local Anesthetics

Cited by 43 publications

References 304 publications

Transverse abdominal plane block in a llama undergoing midline coeliotomy

Transverse abdominal plane block in a llama undergoing midline coeliotomy

In vitro effects of lipopolysaccharides on bovine uterine contractility

Analgesia during Parturition in Domestic Animals: Perspectives and Controversies on Its Use

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