Local Bacteriotherapy – a promising preventive tool in recurrent respiratory infections

Ciprandi, Giorgio; Mantia, Ignazio La; Damiani, Valerio; Passàli, Desiderio

doi:10.1080/1744666x.2021.1833720

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Confirmatory observations came from other bacterial species such as Streptococcus oralis 89a administered as an oral spray. Despite being interesting, the studies showed some methodological limitations and missed microbiological findings [77].…”

Section: Microbial-derived Products As Possible Interventions In Pedimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis in Pediatrics Is Associated with Respiratory Infections: Is There a Place for Bacterial-Derived Products?

et al. 2021

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Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in childhood because of the physiologic immaturity of the immune system, a microbial community under development in addition to other genetic, physiological, environmental and social factors. RTIs tend to recur and severe lower viral RTIs in early childhood are not uncommon and are associated with increased risk of respiratory disorders later in life, including recurrent wheezing and asthma. Therefore, a better understanding of the main players and mechanisms involved in respiratory morbidity is necessary for a prompt and improved care as well as for primary prevention. The inter-talks between human immune components and microbiota as well as their main functions have been recently unraveled; nevertheless, more is still to be discovered or understood in the above medical conditions. The aim of this review paper is to provide the most up-to-date overview on dysbiosis in pre-school children and its association with RTIs and their complications. The potential role of non-harmful bacterial-derived products, according to the old hygiene hypothesis and the most recent trained-innate immunity concept, will be discussed together with the need of proof-of-concept studies and larger clinical trials with immunological and microbiological endpoints.

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Section: Microbial-derived Products As Possible Interventions In Pedimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis in Pediatrics Is Associated with Respiratory Infections: Is There a Place for Bacterial-Derived Products?

et al. 2021

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“…Recurrent RTIs (RRTIs), defined as eight or more documented RTIs per year up to 3 years of age and six or more episodes in children older than 3 years, are also a very common clinical condition in pediatric age with an important social and economic impact [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In Italy, it is estimated that approximately 25% of children under 1 year of age and 6% of children during the first 6 years of life experience RRTIs, making them one of the main reasons for patient referral during the first years of life [ 6 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Tract Infections in Childhood: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in childhood and represent one of the main causes of hospitalization in this population. In recent years, many studies have described the association between gut microbiota (GM) composition and RTIs in animal models. In particular, the “inter-talk” between GM and the immune system has recently been unveiled. However, the role of GM in human, and especially infantile, RTIs has not yet been fully established. In this narrative review we provide an up-to-date overview of the physiological pathways that explain how the GM shapes the immune system, potentially influencing the response to common childhood respiratory viral infections and compare studies analysing the relationship between GM composition and RTIs in children. Most studies provide evidence of GM dysbiosis, but it is not yet possible to identify a distinct bacterial signature associated with RTI predisposition. A better understanding of GM involvement in RTIs could lead to innovative integrated GM-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of RTIs in the paediatric population.

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“…Thus, it is important to focus on alternative strategies to prevent and treat infection in order to reduce antibiotic use and the incidence of drug resistance [ 8 ]. Local bacteriotherapy has been proposed as a potential strategy, based on the administration of oral probiotics that can exert beneficial effects to maintain and/or restore healthy microbial communities within the URT and reduce the severity, duration, and incidence of re-infection, interfering with the adhesion and colonization of potential pathogens by the production of antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) and immunomodulatory mediators; likewise, competitive adherence and co-aggregation between pathogens and probiotic strains can enhance the antagonistic activity of probiotics [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc Genome Analysis Reveals New Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Involved in Antimicrobial Effects on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes

Aluisio

Spitale²,

Bonifacio³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc is an oral probiotic with antimicrobial activity against the otopathogens Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical studies have reinforced its role in reducing the recurrence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and rebalancing the nasal microbiota. In this study, for the first time, we characterized 24SMBc by whole genome sequencing and annotation; likewise, its antagonistic activity vs. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes was evaluated by in vitro co-aggregation and competitive adherence tests. The genome of 24SMBc comprises 2,131,204 bps with 1933 coding sequences (CDS), 44 tRNA, and six rRNA genes and it is categorized in 319 metabolic subsystems. Genome mining by BAGEL and antiSMASH tools predicted three novel biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs): (i) a Blp class-IIc bacteriocin biosynthetic cluster, identifying two bacteriocins blpU and blpK; (ii) an ABC-type bacteriocin transporter; and (iii) a Type 3PKS (Polyketide synthase) involved in the mevalonate pathway for the isoprenoid biosynthetic process. Further analyses detected two additional genes for class-IIb bacteriocins and 24 putative adhesins and aggregation factors. Finally, in vitro assays of 24SMBc showed significant anti-adhesion and co-aggregation effects against Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, whereas it did not act as strongly against Streptococcus pyogenes. In conclusion, we identified a novel blpU-K bacteriocin-encoding BGC and two class-IIb bacteriocins involved in the activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes; likewise the type 3PKS pathway could have beneficial effects for the host including antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the presence of adhesins and aggregation factors might be involved in the marked in vitro activity of co-aggregation with pathogens and competitive adherence, showing an additional antibacterial activity not solely related to metabolite production. These findings corroborate the antimicrobial activity of 24SMBc, especially against Streptococcus pneumoniae belonging to different serotypes, and further consolidate the use of this strain in URTIs in clinical settings.

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Local Bacteriotherapy – a promising preventive tool in recurrent respiratory infections

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Dysbiosis in Pediatrics Is Associated with Respiratory Infections: Is There a Place for Bacterial-Derived Products?

Dysbiosis in Pediatrics Is Associated with Respiratory Infections: Is There a Place for Bacterial-Derived Products?

The Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Tract Infections in Childhood: A Narrative Review

Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc Genome Analysis Reveals New Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Involved in Antimicrobial Effects on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes

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