Local brain gyrification as a marker of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia

Hirjak, Dušan; Kubera, Katharina M.; Wolf, Robert Christian; Thomann, A; Hell, Sandra K.; Seidl, Ulrich; Thomann, Philipp A.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.048

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Abnormalities of this covarying fALFF network can lead to impaired control of movements in space and motor disinhibition as is often manifested in SSD patients. These assumptions correlate well with the extant literature on NSS in SSD (Hirjak et al, ; Thomann, Wustenberg, et al, ; Venkatasubramanian et al, ). Furthermore, the frontoparietal network also appears important in the pathophysiology of NSS because it comprises orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortices.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Patterns of co‐altered brain structure and function underlying neurological soft signs in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Hirjak

Rashidi

Fritze

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Neurological soft signs (NSS) comprise a broad range of subtle neurological deficits and are considered to represent external markers of sensorimotor dysfunction frequently found in mental disorders of presumed neurodevelopmental origin. Although NSS frequently occur in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), specific patterns of co‐altered brain structure and function underlying NSS in SSD have not been investigated so far. It is unclear whether gray matter volume (GMV) alterations or aberrant brain activity or a combination of both, are associated with NSS in SSD. Here, 37 right‐handed SSD patients and 37 matched healthy controls underwent motor assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 T. NSS were examined on the Heidelberg NSS scale. We used a multivariate data fusion technique for multimodal MRI data—multiset canonical correlation and joint independent component analysis (mCCA + jICA)—to investigate co‐altered patterns of GMV and intrinsic neural fluctuations (INF) in SSD patients exhibiting NSS. The mCCA + jICA model indicated two joint group‐discriminating components (temporoparietal/cortical sensorimotor and frontocerebellar/frontoparietal networks) and one modality‐specific group‐discriminating component (p < .05, FDR corrected). NSS motor score was associated with joint frontocerebellar/frontoparietal networks in SSD patients. This study highlights complex neural pathomechanisms underlying NSS in SSD suggesting aberrant structure and function, predominantly in cortical and cerebellar systems that critically subserve sensorimotor dynamics and psychomotor organization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Patterns of co‐altered brain structure and function underlying neurological soft signs in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Hirjak

Rashidi

Fritze

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Another hypothesis is that the relationship between gyrification and psychotic symptoms is not related to the disorder per se, but rather is mediated by different developmental trajectories associated with psychosis. In support of this hypothesis, neurological soft signs, considered as clinical markers of neurodevelopmental deviations, are correlated with gyrification in samples of patients with schizophrenia and in healthy subjects . Future studies directly comparing sulcation patterns in the psychosis spectrum and exploring their relationship with neurological soft signs would be of importance to understand the relationship between neurodevelopment and sulcation in patients with psychosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Neurodevelopmental subtypes of bipolar disorder are related to cortical folding patterns: An international multicenter study

et al. 2018

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Our work suggests that bipolar disorder is not associated with generalized abnormalities of sulcation, but rather with localized changes of cortical folding restricted to patients with a heavy neurodevelopmental loading. These findings support the hypothesis that bipolar disorder is heterogeneous but may be disentangled using MRI, and suggest the need for investigations into neurodevelopmental deviations in the disorder.

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“…Before statistical analysis, individual LGI maps were registered to the fsaverage template included in Freesurfer. As LGI is already smooth, no additional smoothing was applied on the statistical level [ 39 , 40 ]. The degree of the intrinsic LGI smoothness in our data corresponds to a smoothing kernel of 10 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Markers of Brain Development in Crohn’s Disease with Extraintestinal Manifestations – A Pilot Study

Thomann

Hirjak

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Background and ObjectiveAlterations of brain morphology in Crohn’s disease have been reported, but data is scarce and heterogenous and the possible impact of disease predisposition on brain development is unknown. Assuming a systemic course of the disease, brain involvement seems more probable in presence of extraintestinal manifestations, but this question has not yet been addressed. The present study examined the relationship between Crohn’s disease and brain structure and focused on the connection with extraintestinal manifestations and markers of brain development.MethodsIn a pilot study, brains of 15 patients with Crohn’s disease (of which 9 had a history of extraintestinal manifestations, i.e. arthritis, erythema nodosum and primary sclerosing cholangitis) were compared to matched healthy controls using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Patients and controls were tested for depression, fatigue and global cognitive function. Cortical thickness, surface area and folding were determined via cortical surface modeling.ResultsThe overall group comparison (i.e. all patients vs. controls) yielded no significant results. In the patient subgroup with extraintestinal manifestations, changes in cortical area and folding, but not thickness, were identified: Patients showed elevated cortical surface area in the left middle frontal lobe (p<0.05) and hypergyrification in the left lingual gyrus (p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. Hypogyrification of the right insular cortex (p<0.05) and hypergyrification of the right anterior cingulate cortex (p<0.001) were detected in the subgroup comparison of patients with against without extraintestinal manifestations. P-values are corrected for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsOur findings lend further support to the hypothesis that Crohn’s disease is associated with aberrant brain structure and preliminary support for the hypothesis that these changes are associated with a systemic course of the disease as indicated by extraintestinal manifestations. Changes in cortical surface area and folding suggest a possible involvement of Crohn’s disease or its predisposition during brain development.

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Local brain gyrification as a marker of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia

Cited by 41 publications

References 68 publications

Patterns of co‐altered brain structure and function underlying neurological soft signs in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Patterns of co‐altered brain structure and function underlying neurological soft signs in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Neurodevelopmental subtypes of bipolar disorder are related to cortical folding patterns: An international multicenter study

Altered Markers of Brain Development in Crohn’s Disease with Extraintestinal Manifestations – A Pilot Study

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