Local DER Control with Reduced Loop Interactions in Active Distribution Networks

Abstract

Active Distribution Networks are Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems with coupled dynamics, which cause interactions among the control loops of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). This undesired effect leads to performance degradation of voltage control. To mitigate the effects of this unavoidable coupling, the present paper proposes a systematic design procedure based on the analysis of the interaction’s sources. In detail, each DER is equipped with a double-loop PI to control the active and reactive power output of the voltage source converter, which connects the DER to the network’s node. Furthermore, to guarantee ancillary services, the two loops are coupled by a simple mechanism of cooperation of the active power to voltage regulation realized by a filtered droop law. To achieve voltage regulation with reduced loop interactions, the PI parameters and the filter’s pulse are designed according to a procedure with two sequential steps based on the Internal Model Control (IMC) technique. Simulation studies are finally presented to demonstrate that the proposed design method achieves both reduction of the loop interaction and robust voltage control in the presence of model parameter uncertainty in the MIMO plant, modeling various operating conditions of the ADN, including a step connection of large loads, renewable energy source variations, and changes in the substation transformer ratio.

DER Control and Management Strategies for Distribution Networks: A Review of Current Practices and Future Directions

“…In general, a combination of local inverter control, or primary control, and external control, or secondary control, is required to restore the voltage to within the nominal range. The effect of interacting control loops is detailed in [61]. It is seen that the advantage of multi-level hierarchical control structures relates to the partitioning and decoupling of the dynamic behaviours at different timescales.…”