Local intramural heparin delivery during primary angioplasty for myocardial infarction: Results of the local PAMI pilot study

Clinical and angiographic correlates and outcomes of suboptimal coronary flow inpatients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

“…The incidence of TIMI Յ2 flow is not insignificant, occurring in 1 of 14 patients undergoing primary PCI. Although the incidence of TIMI Յ2 flow in our study is lower than that observed in studies that used contrast echocardiography along with coronary angiography (10,11), it compares favorably with that seen in most large-scale trials comparing the efficacy of primary PCI with thrombolysis or those comparing primary angioplasty with primary stenting (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Furthermore, we found that the occurrence of TIMI Յ2 flow is not a benign event: it is associated with increased risk of complications not only in the cardiac catheterization laboratory and in-hospital but also at longterm follow-up.…”

“…The Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) studies prospectively enrolled patients with STEMI into seven clinical trials (PAMI-1, PAMI-2, PAMI Stent Pilot, Stent PAMI, Local PAMI, Air PAMI, and PAMI-No Surgery on Site) (2,6,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Two of these trials (6,18) also enrolled patients into concomitant registries.…”

“…Two of these trials (6,18) also enrolled patients into concomitant registries. The rationale, methodology, and the results of the individual PAMI studies have been previously published (2,6,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Patients were included in these investigations if they were Ն18 years of age with STEMI presenting within 12 h of their symptom onset.…”

Assessing risk post intervention for an acute coronary syndrome: A review of the risk assessment tools and their development

“…The PAMI risk score was then tested and validated in an external data set on patients enrolled in recent PAMI trials (AIR PAMI, Local Med study) (Esente et al, 1999;Grines et al, 2002). The PAMI risk scoring tool has subsequently undergone further psychometric evaluation in other STEMI patient populations treated with primary angioplasty; in Portugal (N = 149), mean age 58 with the sample size being 75% male (Baptista et al, 2004).…”

Plaque stabilisation by systemic and local drug administration

“…25 26 Equivalent levels of in-stent thrombosis with LDD are seen, with lower bleeding complications. 26 Yet although heparin inhibits smooth muscle growth and stimulates endothelial regeneration, with the exception of enoxaparin delivered by the Transport catheter, 27 this has not translated into lasting clinical benefit in markers such as reduction of restenosis.…”