Local management in a regional context: Simulations with process-based species distribution models

Szewczyk, Tim M.; Lee, Tom; Ducey, Mark J.; Aiello‐Lammens, Matthew E.; Bibaud, Hayley A.; Allen, Jenica M.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108827

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…1d ), from being positive (λ = 1.16, 95%-prediction interval: 1.02–1.22) in bright environments (canopy cover = 66.3%), to neutral (λ = 1.00, 0.96–1.08) at sites with intermediate conditions (canopy cover = 79.9%), to negative (λ = 0.95, 0.89–1.00) in the closed forest (canopy cover = 90.7%). These results characterize F. alnus as a gap-dependent, successional tree of temperate forests, in line with previous studies 32 , 62 . We then used the microhabitat-structured IPM with gravity dispersal (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Such benefits have been deduced, for example, from the differences between the spatial genetic structure of parental plants and that of their offspring 19 , 20 , from the disruption of plant regeneration after animal dispersers had become extinct 20 – 23 , or from the results of trait-based modeling of seed dispersal 24 , 25 . Direct investigations of the effects of seed dispersal by animals across all stages of the life cycle of plants are rare and so far the functional role of a maximum of five disperser species has been investigated 26 – 32 . This is mainly due to the difficulty of linking the behavior of animals to their cascading effects on the populations and demography of plants, whose lifespan can be decades to several millennia 33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common seed dispersers contribute most to the persistence of a fleshy-fruited tree

et al. 2023

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Mutualistic interactions are by definition beneficial for each contributing partner. However, it is insufficiently understood how mutualistic interactions influence partners throughout their lives. Here, we used animal species-explicit, microhabitat-structured integral projection models to quantify the effect of seed dispersal by 20 animal species on the full life cycle of the tree Frangula alnus in Białowieża Forest, Eastern Poland. Our analysis showed that animal seed dispersal increased population growth by 2.5%. The effectiveness of animals as seed dispersers was strongly related to the interaction frequency but not the quality of seed dispersal. Consequently, the projected population decline due to simulated species extinction was driven by the loss of common rather than rare mutualist species. Our results support the notion that frequently interacting mutualists contribute most to the persistence of the populations of their partners, underscoring the role of common species for ecosystem functioning and nature conservation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common seed dispersers contribute most to the persistence of a fleshy-fruited tree

et al. 2023

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“…By contrast, at the subindividual plant level, the fruit choices of small-gaped seed dispersers were limited for the plants F. alnus, R. nigrum, and S. aucuparia, with the main small-gaped seed dispersers being able to feed only on 31-55% of the accessible fruits. Such size mismatches between dispersers and fruits may in part explain why 47-78% of the fruits in previously described populations of F. alnus remained undispersed (Hampe, 2008;Szewczyk et al, 2019). However, because the fruit size of each plant species varied more strongly within than between individuals, the main seed dispersers were still able to feed on the fruits of individual plants (except those of large-fruited V. opulus).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Within-Species Trait Variation Can Lead to Size Limitations in Seed Dispersal of Small-Fruited Plants

et al. 2021

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The inability of small-gaped animals to consume very large fruits may limit seed dispersal of the respective plants. This has often been shown for large-fruited plant species that remain poorly dispersed when large-gaped animal species are lost due to anthropogenic pressure. Little is known about whether gape-size limitations similarly influence seed dispersal of small-fruited plant species that can show a large variation in fruit size within species. In this study, fruit sizes of 15 plant species were compared with the gape sizes of their 41 animal dispersers in the temperate, old-growth Białowieża Forest, Poland. The effect of gape-size limitations on fruit consumption was assessed at the plant species level, and for a subset of nine plant species, also at the individual level, and subindividual level (i.e., fruits of the same plant individual). In addition, for the species subset, fruit-seed trait relationships were investigated to determine whether a restricted access of small-gaped animals to large fruits results in the dispersal of fewer or smaller seeds per fruit. Fruit sizes widely varied among plant species (74.2%), considerably at the subindividual level (17.1%), and to the smallest extent among plant individuals (8.7%). Key disperser species should be able to consume fruits of all plant species and all individuals (except those of the largest-fruited plant species), even if they are able to consume only 28-55% of available fruits. Fruit and seed traits were positively correlated in eight out of nine plant species, indicating that gape size limitations will result in 49% fewer (in one) or 16–21% smaller seeds (in three plant species) dispersed per fruit by small-gaped than by large-gaped main dispersers, respectively. Our results show that a large subindividual variation in fruit size is characteristic for small-fruited plant species, and increases their connectedness with frugivores at the level of plants species and individuals. Simultaneously, however, the large variation in fruit size leads to gape-size limitations that may induce selective pressures on fruit size if large-gaped dispersers become extinct. This study emphasizes the mechanisms by which gape-size limitation at the species, individual and subindividual level shape plant-frugivore interactions and the co-evolution of small-fruited plants.

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“…The dotted line indicates where a taxa is listed in as many states as it is present. Darker areas show where points overlap, representing more species at that place on the graph result in accidental dispersal of non-regulated species into new areas (Szewczyk et al, 2019), particularly for plants distributed through difficult-to-regulate interstate trade (Beaury, Patrick et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant regulatory lists in the United States are reactive and inconsistent

Beaury

Fusco

Allen

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Global invasive species introductions are rising, necessitating coordinated regulatory strategies within and across national borders. Although states and nations address their unique priorities using plant regulations, these regulations are most likely to reduce invasive plant introduction and spread if they are consistently enacted across political borders and proactively restrict spread early in the invasion process. Further, a unified regulatory landscape is particularly important given the imminent range infilling and large-scale climate-driven range shifts of invasive species.2. In the United States, federal and state regulations restrict the introduction and spread of several hundred invasive and noxious plant taxa in an effort to reduce their negative impacts. Using plant regulations for the lower 48 United States, we assessed consistency among regulated taxa based on similarities in adjacent states' regulatory lists. We assessed proactivity by comparing regulatory lists to plants' current and potential distributions given occurrence records and species distribution models under climate change.3. States regulate from 0 to 162 plant taxa, with an average of only 16.8% overlap of regulated taxa between adjacent states. Up to 137 plants may be present but unregulated in a state, and only 110 of 553 listed taxa were regulated in one or more states where they were not yet present. However, 36 states listed at least one taxon proactively (regulated but not present in the state). Of the 48 proactively listed taxa with species distribution models, we identified 41 cases (38 species in 21 states) where listing was 'climate proactive' (regulated, not present and where climate could be suitable for establishment by mid-century).4. Policy implications. US plant regulatory lists were inconsistent across borders and reactive to climate change. However, most states regulate at least one plant taxa prior to its introduction, suggesting that a more proactive approach is possible under existing regulations. Coordination across borders is imperative given gaps in regional defences against invasion and projected invasive plant range shifts under climate change. We suggest that subnational, national and international governing bodies evaluate their plant regulatory lists for consistency and proactivity, as it is paramount for preventing the next wave of plant invasions.

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Local management in a regional context: Simulations with process-based species distribution models

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Common seed dispersers contribute most to the persistence of a fleshy-fruited tree

Common seed dispersers contribute most to the persistence of a fleshy-fruited tree

Within-Species Trait Variation Can Lead to Size Limitations in Seed Dispersal of Small-Fruited Plants

Plant regulatory lists in the United States are reactive and inconsistent

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