Localising patterns of optic nerve hypoplasia--retina to occipital lobe.

Abstract

The first optic nerve elements are seen at the 13-14 mm stage in the form of dendriform fibrils emerging from the retinal ganglion cells proceeding towards the primitive epithelial papilla, the forerunner of the neuroectodermal optic disc. ' The fibres fill the optic stalk as they travel towards the future chiasm. Mesodermal elements give rise to the vascular and septal system of the optic nerve and its dural sheath.

Congenital disorders of the optic nerve: excavations and hypoplasia

“…52,53 Superior segmental ONH has been found in three of 34 children born to mothers with type I diabetes. 54 ONH can occur in association with lesions at any site in the developing visual system 55,56 particularly in subcortical (rather than cortical) damage. 57 Loss of periventricular white matter due to PVL is commonly associated with optic disc anomalies.…”

Optic nerve axons: life and death before birth

“…146 The concurrence in congenital X-linked stationary night-blindness, of myopia and tilted optic discs, 148 is common. The segmental nature is probably related to the site of the original lesion, 149 a common but not invariable cause, when the hypoplasia affects the upper part of the optic disc is maternal diabetes (see below). Prenatal chiasmal damage produces hypoplasia of the nasal and temporal of the disc with a corresponding NFL deficit ( Figure 16).…”

“…Prenatal chiasmal damage produces hypoplasia of the nasal and temporal of the disc with a corresponding NFL deficit ( Figure 16). 149 Situs inversus: Situs inversus is a more widespread defect in which the vessels emerging from the often small optic disc are so distorted that, together with the appearance resulting from the tilt per se, the disc appears to be rotated through approximately 1801 (Figure 17). Fuchs 150 (1882) considered this anomaly to be related to coloboma.…”

“…However, the occurrence of unilateral optic disc hypoplasia and of partial or segmental optic disc hypoplasia must mean that the site in those cases is anterior in the visual system. 149 Optic disc hypoplasia is therefore probably a nonspecific abnormality resulting from a prenatal insult to any part of the visual system. A relationship between optic disc hypoplasia and colobomas has been suggested.…”

High resolution imaging of the optic nerve and retina in optic nerve hypoplasia

“…These findings were confirmed by other researchers. 13,14 To date, there are only a few articles investigating the in vivo eye morphology in ONH using optical coherence tomography (OCT). 15,16 In 2013, Moon and Park 16 described RNFL thinning and thinning of the structures located between the posterior boundary of the RNFL and the posterior boundary of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of the retina measured together in 1 patient with ONH compared with the healthy eye using SD OCT.…”