Localization of 5-methylcytosine in metaphase chromosomes of diploid and triploid pacu fish, &lt;i&gt;Piaractus mesopotamicus&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces, Characiformes)

Almeida-Toledo, Lurdes Foresti de; Viegas‐Péquignot, Evani; Coutinho-Barbosa, A.C.; Foresti, Fausto; Niveleau, Alain; Toledo-Filho, Silvio de Almeida

doi:10.1159/000015158

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Most Gbanding seems to be due to heterochromatin, which in turn may be associated with methylation (de Almeida-Toledo et al, 1998), so that sex determination is epigenetically controlled (Negrutiu et al, 2001). To test this, correlate dioecy/cosexuality with the proportion of differential chromosomal G-banding, especially where only one sex has heteromorphically banded putative proto-sex chromosomes.…”

Section: Methylation Can Canalize Dioecymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test this, correlate dioecy/cosexuality with the proportion of differential chromosomal G-banding, especially where only one sex has heteromorphically banded putative proto-sex chromosomes. Most Gbanding seems to be due to heterochromatin, which in turn may be associated with methylation (de Almeida-Toledo et al, 1998), so that sex determination is epigenetically controlled (Negrutiu et al, 2001). G-banding data (Solari, 1994) and robust phylogenies (Olmo, 1986;Baldauf et al, 2000;Cao et al, 2000a;Gissi et al, 2000) exist, including in lineages for which there is evidence that differential methylation may be the first step in differentiation of sex chromosomes.…”

Section: Methylation Can Canalize Dioecymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of dioecy and sex chromosomes via methylation driving Muller's ratchet

Gorelick

2003

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Why are there two sexes in certain species, instead of one hermaphroditic sex? Why are Y chromosomes shorter than X chromosomes, but only in certain lineages? I propose that differences between sexes are initially determined by differential methylation in nuclear DNA between females and males, driving Muller's ratchet. Methylation of promoters suppresses transcription, including loci coding for gamete production, thereby converting hermaphroditic individuals into females or males. Differential methylation of sex chromosomes suppresses recombination and increases mutation rate, thereby geometrically increasing the speed of Muller's ratchet. Higher mutability of methylated nucleotides plus loss of sex-determining function of previously methylated nucleotides provides selective pressure to excise these loci, resulting in shorter Y or W chromosomes. Derived lineages usually have more methylation than do ancestral ones, and hence have relatively shorter sex chromosomes. Methylation canalizes dioecy and degeneration of sex chromosomes. Latter stages of sex chromosome evolution may have occurred via other mechanisms, for example sexually antagonistic genes or chromosomal rearrangements. A few aberrant derived lineages lost most methylation, and their sex determination and sex chromosomes may have evolved via other means. Differential methylation provides a mechanism for early evolution of dioecy in anisogamous sexual diploid eukaryotes and of sex chromosomes in metazoans.

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Section: Methylation Can Canalize Dioecymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methylation Can Canalize Dioecymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of dioecy and sex chromosomes via methylation driving Muller's ratchet

Gorelick

2003

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…To our knowledge, up to date a single cytogenetic analysis on the occurrence of 5-MeC-rich chromosome regions has been carried out in fishes [Almeida-Toledo et al, 1998]. In this study, diploid and artificially produced triploid individuals of the pacu fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus , were labeled with a monoclonal anti-5-MeC antibody which demonstrated that 2 constitutively heterochromatic regions are enriched with 5-MeC.…”

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confidence: 97%

Hypermethylated Chromosome Regions in Nine Fish Species with Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

Schmid

Steinlein

Yano

et al. 2015

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Sites and amounts of 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC)-rich chromosome regions were detected in the karyotypes of 9 Brazilian species of Characiformes fishes by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal anti-5-MeC antibody. These species, belonging to the genera Leporinus, Triportheus and Hoplias, are characterized by highly differentiated and heteromorphic ZW and XY sex chromosomes. In all species, the hypermethylated regions are confined to constitutive heterochromatin. The number and chromosome locations of hypermethylated heterochromatic regions in the karyotypes are constant and species-specific. Generally, heterochromatic regions that are darkly stained by the C-banding technique are distinctly hypermethylated, but several of the brightly fluorescing hypermethylated regions merely exhibit moderate or faint C-banding. The ZW and XY sex chromosomes of all 9 analyzed species also show species-specific heterochromatin hypermethylation patterns. The analysis of 5-MeC-rich chromosome regions contributes valuable data for comparative cytogenetics of closely related species and highlights the dynamic process of differentiation operating in the repetitive DNA fraction of sex chromosomes.

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“…Thus far, GC-rich heterochromatin have only been previously reported in the cyprinid Gobio gobio (Kirtiklis et al 2005), in several other fish species of the genus Chromaphyosemion (Völker et al 2005) and in the lamprey Lampetra zanandreai (Caputo et al 2011). As also happens in the fish Piaractus mesopotamicus (Almeida-Toledo et al 1998), the bright signals obtained after 5-methylcytosine immunolocation are located in the GC-rich heterochromatic regions, demonstrating that on meiotic chromosomes these regions are highly methylated and, therefore, transcriptionally repressed (Jaenisch and Bird 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cytogenetic evidences of genome rearrangement and differential epigenetic chromatin modification in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

et al. 2014

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This work explores both the chromatin loss and the differential genome methylation in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from a molecular cytogenetic point of view. Fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments on meiotic bivalents and mitotic chromosomes corroborate the chromatin loss previously observed during the development of the sea lamprey and demonstrate that the elimination affects not only to Germ1 sequences but also to the rpt200 satellite DNA and most part of the major ribosomal DNA present on the germinal line. 5-Methylcytosine immunolocation revealed that the GC-rich heterochromatin is highly methylated in the germ line but significantly less in somatic chromosomes. These findings not only support previous observations about genome rearrangements but also give new information about epigenetic changes in P. marinus. The key position of lampreys in the vertebrate phylogenetic tree makes them an interesting taxon to provide relevant information about genome evolution in vertebrates.

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Localization of 5-methylcytosine in metaphase chromosomes of diploid and triploid pacu fish, <i>Piaractus mesopotamicus</i> (Pisces, Characiformes)

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Evolution of dioecy and sex chromosomes via methylation driving Muller's ratchet

Evolution of dioecy and sex chromosomes via methylation driving Muller's ratchet

Hypermethylated Chromosome Regions in Nine Fish Species with Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

Cytogenetic evidences of genome rearrangement and differential epigenetic chromatin modification in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

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