Localized fire in a gallery: Model development and validation

Salmon, Fabien; Lacanette, Delphine; Mindeguia, Jean‐Christophe; Sirieix, Colette; Bellivier, Axel; Leblanc, Jean-Claude; Ferrier, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.01.025

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The light duration restricts the time spent inside the cave and defines whether the visit will be a long stay or a short exploration. Moreover, the optimal management of some of the produced gases (i.e., the smoke of lighting tools) is essential to carry out prolonged subterranean frequentation [ 1 – 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, they propose that the purpose of these big fires could be related to functions additional to lighting, such as sanitation of the cavern, human protection from animals, smoke production without a direct practical need except in relation to the scenography of the decorated space, together with the voluntary modification of the coloration and consistency of the wall concerning the execution of Paleolithic art [ 21 , 22 , 49 ]. Likewise, they have developed some monitored experimental activities and numerical simulations of fires in caves [ 2 , 3 ]. These results have been applied to the 3D geometry of Chauvet cave to better understand the functionality of these fires and Paleolithic underground activity [ 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The smoke dispersion would allow the fires to be replaced given the thermal stratification of the gases [ 2 ], and the hearths would be arranged in a tepee shape nearby but slightly away from the wall to accomplish this [ 49 ]. These fires’ high radiation would be the main problem for human occupation when they were alight [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves

et al. 2021

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Artificial lighting was a crucial physical resource for expanding complex social and economic behavior in Paleolithic groups. Furthermore, the control of fire allowed the development of the first symbolic behavior in deep caves, around 176 ky BP. These activities would increase during the Upper Paleolithic, when lighting residues proliferated at these sites. The physical peculiarities of Paleolithic lighting resources are very poorly understood, although this is a key aspect for the study of human activity within caves and other dark contexts. In this work, we characterize the main Paleolithic lighting systems (e.g., wooden torches, portable fat lamps, and fireplaces) through empirical observations and experimental archeology in an endokarstic context. Furthermore, each lighting system’s characteristic combustion residues were identified to achieve a better identification for the archaeological record. The experiments are based on an exhaustive review of archaeological information about this topic. Besides, we apply the estimated luminous data of a Paleolithic cave with Paleolithic art (Atxurra in northern Spain) in 3D through GIS technology to delve into the archeologic implications of illumination in Paleolithic underground activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves

et al. 2021

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“…These changes result in a mismatch between the estimated source data and actual ones. There are other objective and subjective reasons for errors in the original data due to inaccuracies in the numerical determination of equipment characteristics, operating conditions, or properties of substances [3,4]. Uncertainties in the properties of gases and operating conditions of equipment lead to the uncertainty of results from defining the danger of industrial facilities that utilize these gases and equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the following should be distinguished: atmospheric air (AA), surface and ground water, soil and vegetation, biotic complexes, sheet deposits, etc. [1][2][3]. Despite continuous improvement of oil and gas equipment, facilities…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of an algorithm for building regions of questionable decisions for devices containing gases in a linear multidimensional space of hazardous factors

Teslenko

Chernukha

Bezuglov

et al. 2019

EEJET

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Large eddy simulations fire modeling of JIS A 1310 façade calibration test with respect to sidewall

Sun,

Yoshioka,

Noguchi

et al. 2024

Fire and Materials

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The full‐scale façade standard test is widely employed as a comprehensive method to assess the façade fire spread. Within this approach, the calibration test without combustible façade decouples the intricate interaction between gas‐phase combustion and material pyrolysis, which simplifies diagnostics and provides an ideal scenario for model validation. This paper presents large eddy simulations (LES) accompanied by comparisons of calibration tests in accordance with JIS A 1310. The calibration tests were conducted to obtain the flame morphologies, gas‐phase temperature, and heat flux of over‐ventilated façade fires, and the LES modeling is complemented by the modified eddy dissipation model for combustion, the one‐equation model for the sub‐grid scale turbulence, and the discrete ordinate method with the gray mean absorption‐emission approach for thermal radiation. The accuracy of LES data is discussed by comparing with measurements, and the mesh resolution is optimized as 2.5 cm for achieving mesh independency with good qualitative agreement. Furthermore, simulations are conducted to investigate the impact of sidewall distances on façade flame spread. The results highlight that the enhancement of sidewall in façade flame spread occurs under external heat release rate, and the 0.2 m sidewall distance for the designated JIS test is identified as a critical threshold increasing façade thermal load.

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Localized fire in a gallery: Model development and validation

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves

The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves

Construction of an algorithm for building regions of questionable decisions for devices containing gases in a linear multidimensional space of hazardous factors

Large eddy simulations fire modeling of JIS A 1310 façade calibration test with respect to sidewall

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