Solar
energy is one of the cleanest energies that are abundant
among renewable energy sources. To design a very-low-cost solar device,
chlorophyll extracted from spinach was employed. Photosystem I (PSI)
was extracted by homogenization of spinach leaves and centrifugation
and fractionation by column chromatography. The dipole structure of
such natural photodiodes is one of the special features of the PSI
protein complex that we tried to align using pulsed external electric
fields to improve solar cell efficiency. To align PSI dipoles, several
approaches have exploited linkers such as amino acids or polymers.
Because of the difficulties of nonpolar or polar biomolecules, here,
our approach was to apply a uniform pulsed external electric field
(PEEF). With respect to other existing methods, our procedure is a
simple, low-cost, and efficient design of solar cells, which leads
to improved efficiency of biophotovoltaic cells up to a four-fold
increase.