Localized proton MR spectroscopy of citrate in vitro and of the human prostate in vivo at 1.5 T

Abstract

Citrate is a secretory product of the normal prostate, a lack of citrate in prostate tissue is expected to be pathognomonic for adenocarcinoma. In the present study proton AB-signal characteristics of citrate at low field strength of 1.5 T were investigated by volume selective spectroscopic and theoretical methods. The nonappearance of fast phase modulation of the J-coupled system at low field strength in vivo is verified by measurements of sodium citrate solution. In vivo localized spectroscopy of small volume elements of (2 cm)3 with the double spin-echo method within the prostatic gland provides citrate signal reception even using a Helmholtz coil with 170-mm diameter. Volume selective proton spectra with different echo times are presented which are comparable to spectra acquired by former authors with endorectal coils.

Feasibility of in vivo15N MRS detection of hyperpolarized 15N labeled choline in rats

“…Many magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of choline metabolism have shown increased levels of total Cho (tCho) in cancers developing in different organs, such as brain, 1-5 prostate [6][7][8] and breast. [9][10][11][12][13] The increase of tCho in tumors has become a potentially important biomarker in cancer diagnosis.…”

Localized proton MR spectroscopy of the human kidney in vivo by means of short echo time STEAM sequences

“…These values predict minimum water line widths of 5 Hz for kidney and about 1 0 Hz for liver or skeletal muscle. For the kidney, with respiratory triggering and localized shimming, we found that water line widths as low as 6 Hz could be achieved. …”

Localized double spin echo proton spectroscopy part I: Basic concepts

“…In vivo applications using the double spin echo method are well known from literature (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), and restriction to a few spectra should be sufficient. Figure 12 shows a 2 mL spectrum from the human calf muscle obtained with the sequence of Fig.…”