Logic-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nanoplatform with Infection and Inflammation Monitoring and Microenvironmental Regulation Accelerating Wound Repair

Abstract

Infectious cutaneous wounds are a thorny clinical problem. The microenvironment of the infectious wound is complicated and changes at different healing stages. Traditional treatments either have a single effect such as anti-inflammation, antibacteria, or angiogenesis or a simple mixture of several functions. They fail to deal with the change of the physiological healing process, leading to unsatisfactory outcomes. Herein, we have designed a logic-based smart nanoplatform (named as ZEM), aiming to self-monitor the wound microenvironment and accordingly react to the changes of the healing process, fitting multiple needs of physiological repair at different stages. ZEM was synthesized using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) coated with an epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)/Mg2+ complex. We characterized ZEM in the aspects of morphology, physical and chemical properties, and ion release pattern. At the initial stage, ZEM sensed the weakly acidic environment and responsively released a large number of zinc ions to eliminate bacterial infection. Then came the second inflammation stage, where ZEM responded to the oxidative stress of the local wound area with EGCG absorbing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to the downregulation of intracellular ROS. Meanwhile, local inflammation was alleviated by reducing the expression of proinflammatory M1 phenotype factors (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β). Since the balance of local ROS had been achieved, the resulting disintegration of the EGCG/Mg2+ complex gave rise to the sustainable release of Mg2+ at the proliferation stage, promoting vascularized healing. In vivo animal experiments further proved the diagnostic and therapeutic functions of ZEM. All these results demonstrated that ZEM was a promising treatment strategy in soft tissue engineering.

Nanosized Silk‐Magnesium Complexes for Tissue Regeneration

“…Sustained angiogenesis and anti-inflammation at the proliferation stage also favored wound healing and tissue ingrowth. [63] Thus, angiogenesis and inflammation at the wound sites were further investigated when hydrogels were implanted for 7, 14, and 21 days. The number of macrophages in all groups gradually decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 (Figure 8a), confirming the transition from inflammation to proliferation and remodel-ing stages.…”

Multifunctional MXene-doped photothermal microneedles for drug-resistant bacteria-infected wound healing

“…The wound swabs of each group on the second day were collected and then coated on the solid culture medium to calculate CFUs. 45 The CFUs of the MXene doped-treatment group were significantly reduced (Fig. 8a and b).…”

Therapeutic Potential Evaluation of Silk Sericin Stabilized Fisetin to Ulcerative Colitis

“…Excessive oxidative stress would cause irreversible damage to biomolecules and result in cell necrosis and even serious inflammation. [ 41 ] Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent lipid peroxidation in colon tissues was reported to reduce the cellular antioxidant capacity and lead to colonic inflammation. [ 11 ] Therefore, antioxidants that can scavenge the over‐expressed ROS and consequently prevent these undesirable effects are highly desirable in the treatments of various tissue damages including ulcerative colitis.…”