Logic gates in excitable media

Tóth, Ágota; Showalter, Kenneth

doi:10.1063/1.469732

Cited by 175 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Studies on logic operations executed by excitation pulses have a long history. Toth & Showalter [19] described logic gates with BZ waves travelling along thin capillary tubes. Steinbock et al [21] implemented logic gates by 'printing' a catalyst of the BZ reaction onto a facilitating medium.…”

Section: Information Processing With Compartmentalized Excitablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational properties of the medium are determined not only by the kinetics of chemical processes, but also by the structure of the medium [18]. Geometries of excitable and non-excitable regions that define the basic logic gates have been described [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In §2, we recall some results illustrating information processing with compartmentalized BZ medium and briefly discuss the construction of XOR gate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical computing with reaction–diffusion processes

Górecki

Guzowski

Górecka

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Chemical reactions are responsible for information processing in living organisms. It is believed that the basic features of biological computing activity are reflected by a reaction-diffusion medium. We illustrate the ideas of chemical information processing considering the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction and its photosensitive variant. The computational universality of information processing is demonstrated. For different methods of information coding constructions of the simplest signal processing devices are described. The function performed by a particular device is determined by the geometrical structure of oscillatory (or of excitable) and non-excitable regions of the medium. In a living organism, the brain is created as a selfgrown structure of interacting nonlinear elements and reaches its functionality as the result of learning. We discuss whether such a strategy can be adopted for generation of chemical information processing devices. Recent studies have shown that lipidcovered droplets containing solution of reagents of BZ reaction can be transported by a flowing oil. Therefore, structures of droplets can be spontaneously formed at specific non-equilibrium conditions, for example forced by flows in a microfluidic reactor. We describe how to introduce information to a droplet structure, track the information flow inside it and optimize medium evolution to achieve the maximum reliability. Applications of droplet structures for classification tasks are discussed.

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Section: Information Processing With Compartmentalized Excitablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical computing with reaction–diffusion processes

Górecki

Guzowski

Górecka

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…They are proposed to solve logic [66] and path-finding problems [67,68] or ways to process and store information [69]. [70].…”

Section: Pattern Development Beyond the Turing Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical morphogenesis: recent experimental advances in reaction–diffusion system design and control

et al. 2012

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In his seminal 1952 paper, Alan Turing predicted that diffusion could spontaneously drive an initially uniform solution of reacting chemicals to develop stable spatially periodic concentration patterns. It took nearly 40 years before the first two unquestionable experimental demonstrations of such reaction -diffusion patterns could be made in isothermal single phase reaction systems. The number of these examples stagnated for nearly 20 years. We recently proposed a design method that made their number increase to six in less than 3 years. In this report, we formally justify our original semi-empirical method and support the approach with numerical simulations based on a simple but realistic kinetic model. To retain a number of basic properties of real spatial reactors but keep calculations to a minimal complexity, we introduce a new way to collapse the confined spatial direction of these reactors. Contrary to similar reduced descriptions, we take into account the effect of the geometric size in the confinement direction and the influence of the differences in the diffusion coefficient on exchange rates of species with their feed environment. We experimentally support the method by the observation of stationary patterns in red-ox reactions not based on oxihalogen chemistry. Emphasis is also brought on how one of these new systems can process different initial conditions and memorize them in the form of localized patterns of different geometries.

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“…The geometrical constraining is successfully applied in design of several laboratory prototypes of chemical (all based on Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction) computing devices: logical gates [43,41], diodes [25,13,36], counters [22], coincidence detectors [15], and memory [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computation with Competing Patterns in Life-Like Automaton

Mart́ınez

Adamatzky²,

Morita³

et al. 2010

Game of Life Cellular Automata

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Summary. We study a Life-like cellular automaton rule B2/S2345 where a cell in state '0' takes state '1' if it has exactly two neighbors in state '1' and the cell remains in the state '1' if it has between two and five neighbors in state '1.' This automaton is a discrete analog spatially extended chemical media, combining both properties of sub-excitable and precipitating chemical media. When started from random initial configuration B2/S2345 automaton exhibits chaotic behavior. Configurations with low density of state '1' show emergence of localized propagating patterns and stationary localizations. We construct basic logical gates and elementary arithmetical circuits by simulating logical signals with mobile localizations reaction propagating geometrically restricted by stationary non-destructible localizations. Values of Boolean variables are encoded into two types of patterns -symmetric (False) and asymmetric (True) patterns -which compete for the 'empty' space when propagate in the channels. Implementations of logical gates and binary adders are illustrated explicitly.

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Logic gates in excitable media

Cited by 175 publications

References 28 publications

Chemical computing with reaction–diffusion processes

Chemical computing with reaction–diffusion processes

Chemical morphogenesis: recent experimental advances in reaction–diffusion system design and control

Computation with Competing Patterns in Life-Like Automaton

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