Logical Functions of a Cross Junction of Excitable Chemical Media

Sielewiesiuk, Jakub; Górecki, Jerzy

doi:10.1021/jp011072v

Cited by 85 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Steinbock et al [21] implemented logic gates by 'printing' a catalyst of the BZ reaction onto a facilitating medium. In simulation studies [22,23], the construction of logic gates relies upon geometric patterns of non-excitable regions imposed on an excitable area. The gates based on excitable medium and information coded in the presence of excitation pulses can be concatenated to perform complex information processing operations.…”

Section: Information Processing With Compartmentalized Excitablementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical computing with reaction–diffusion processes

Górecki

Guzowski

Górecka

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Chemical reactions are responsible for information processing in living organisms. It is believed that the basic features of biological computing activity are reflected by a reaction-diffusion medium. We illustrate the ideas of chemical information processing considering the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction and its photosensitive variant. The computational universality of information processing is demonstrated. For different methods of information coding constructions of the simplest signal processing devices are described. The function performed by a particular device is determined by the geometrical structure of oscillatory (or of excitable) and non-excitable regions of the medium. In a living organism, the brain is created as a selfgrown structure of interacting nonlinear elements and reaches its functionality as the result of learning. We discuss whether such a strategy can be adopted for generation of chemical information processing devices. Recent studies have shown that lipidcovered droplets containing solution of reagents of BZ reaction can be transported by a flowing oil. Therefore, structures of droplets can be spontaneously formed at specific non-equilibrium conditions, for example forced by flows in a microfluidic reactor. We describe how to introduce information to a droplet structure, track the information flow inside it and optimize medium evolution to achieve the maximum reliability. Applications of droplet structures for classification tasks are discussed.

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Section: Information Processing With Compartmentalized Excitablementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical computing with reaction–diffusion processes

Górecki

Guzowski

Górecka

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Their findings, albeit with a ten years delay, ignited a series of well founded theoretical and experimental works on realisation of computing devices in BZ medium. These include logical gates implemented in geometrically constrained BZ medium [5,6], approximation of shortest path by excitation waves [7][8][9], memory in BZ micro-emulsion [10], information coding with frequency of oscillations [11], onboard controllers for robots [12][13][14], chemical diodes [15], BZ neuromorphic architectures [16][17][18][19], wave-based counters [20], and other aspects of information processing in excitable chemical systems [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary full adder, made of fusion gates, in a subexcitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky system

Adamatzky

2015

Phys. Rev. E

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In an excitable thin-layer Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium a localised perturbation leads to formation of omnidirectional target or spiral waves of excitation. A sub-excitable BZ medium responds to asymmetric local perturbation by producing travelling localised excitation wave-fragments, distant relatives of dissipative solitons. The size and life span of an excitation wave-fragment depend on the illumination level of the medium. Under the right conditions the wave-fragments conserve their shape and velocity vectors for extended time periods. We interpret the wave-fragments as values of Boolean variables. When two or more wave-fragments collide they annihilate or merge into a new wave-fragment. States of the logic variables, represented by the wave-fragments, are changed in the result of the collision between the wave-fragments. Thus, a logical gate is implemented. Several theoretical designs and experimental laboratory implementations of Boolean logic gates have been proposed in the past but little has been done cascading the gates into binary arithmetical circuits. We propose a unique design of a binary one-bit full adder based on a fusion gate. A fusion gate is a two-input three-output logical device which calculates conjunction of the input variables and conjunction of one input variable with negation of another input variable. The gate is made of three channels: two channels cross each other at an angle, third channel starts at the junction. The channels contain BZ medium. When two excitation wave-fragments, travelling towards each other along input channels, collide at the junction they merge into a single wave-front travelling along the third channel. If there is just one wave-front in the input channel, the front continues its propagation undisturbed. We make a one-bit full adder by cascading two fusion gates. We show how to cascade the adder blocks into a many-bit full adder. We evaluate feasibility of our designs by simulating evolution of excitation in the gates and adders using numerical integration of Oregonator equations.

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“…Steinbock and collaborators implemented logic gates by 'printing' a catalyst of the BZ reaction onto a facilitating medium [13]. In simulation studies [8,14] the construction of logic gates relies upon geometric patterns of non-excitable boundaries imposed on an excitable field. Adamatzky presented yet alternative logic gate designs by combining the principles of collision-based computing on an precipitating chemical substrate [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%