London Ramadan Fasting Study (LORANS): Rationale, design, and methods

Abstract

Background Hundreds of millions of Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan. The London Ramadan Fasting Study (LORANS) aims to assess the lifestyle changes during this month and investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting on health. Methods LORANS is an observational study of participants that follow religious fasting in Ramadan. We advertised, recruited, and visited participants in five mosques in London, United Kingdom. In total, 146 individuals were recruited before Ramadan in May 2019 of which 85 participated in the follow up visit after Ramadan. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee affiliated to Imperial College London. A written informed consent was signed by all the participants. Every participant completed a questionnaire, a physical examination, and gave blood samples at each visit. Moreover, they completed a 3-day food diary before Ramadan and once again during Ramadan to record dietary changes during the month of fasting. Results The mean age of participants was 45.6 (15.9) years. 47.1% of the participants were females, 25.5% were obese, 4.7% were smokers, 14% were diabetic, 24% were hypertensive, and 5.2% had cardiovascular diseases. Data collection covered demographics, lifestyle, food intake, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, body composition, and metabolic biomarker profiling. Conclusion By engaging with mosques, proper introduction of the study aims and convenient recruitment in the mosque, we were able to recruit a balanced population regarding age and sex and collected valuable data on Ramadan fasting using high-quality techniques.

Metabolomics of Ramadan fasting and associated risk of chronic diseases

“…Frozen aliquots of plasma (100 μL) were sent for targeted metabolic profiling analysis using high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Nightingale Health Ltd.), which quantifies 169 lipid and metabolites ( https://nightingalehealth.com/biomarkers ) from 17 substance classes: apolipoproteins ( n = 2), amino acids ( n = 10), cholesterol ( n = 7), cholesteryl esters ( n = 4), fatty acids ( n = 9), fluid balance ( n = 2), free cholesterol ( n = 4), glycolysis-related metabolites ( n = 5), inflammation ( n = 1), ketone bodies ( n = 4), lipoprotein particle concentrations ( n = 4), lipoprotein particle sizes ( n = 3), lipoprotein subclasses ( n = 98), other lipids ( n = 4), phospholipids ( n = 4), total lipids ( n = 4), and triglycerides (TGs, n = 4). The NMR-based metabolomics platform and the experimental procedure have been described in detail elsewhere [ 12 ].…”