Long incubation in imported human rabies

Carrara, Philippe; Parola, Philippe

doi:10.1002/ana.24092

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although further studies are needed to determine whether and how the difference in neurotropism affects the neuroinvasiveness of respective strains, it seems reasonable to assume that fixed strains have lost a certain mechanism to evade host immunity in the peripheral tissue through serial passages in animal brains. A long and inconsistent incubation period is one of characteristics of natural rabies infection [48,50]. In this study, we observed that mice inoculated with the Koma strain and the street 1088 and RABV-Dog strains showed clinical signs after long and inconstant incubation periods (Figure 7), suggesting that the i.m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…A long and inconstant incubation period is a characteristic of natural rabies infection in humans and animals [ 1 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. To check whether such an incubation period can be observed in mice infected with the Koma strain and street 1088 and RABV-Dog strains, we compared periods from the day of inoculation of the virus strains to the day of onset of disease after i.m.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A long and inconsistent incubation period is one of characteristics of natural rabies infection [ 48 , 50 ]. In this study, we observed that mice inoculated with the Koma strain and the street 1088 and RABV-Dog strains showed clinical signs after long and inconstant incubation periods ( Figure 7 ), suggesting that the i.m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Rabies Virus Strain Isolated from a Dog in Tokyo, Japan in the 1940s

Takahashi

Inukai

Sasaki

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The rabies virus strain Komatsugawa (Koma), which was isolated from a dog in Tokyo in the 1940s before eradication of rabies in Japan in 1957, is known as the only existent Japanese field strain (street strain). Although this strain potentially provides a useful model to study rabies pathogenesis, little is known about its genetic and phenotypic properties. Notably, this strain underwent serial passages in rodents after isolation, indicating the possibility that it may have lost biological characteristics as a street strain. In this study, to evaluate the utility of the Koma strain for studying rabies pathogenesis, we examined the genetic properties and in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. Genome-wide genetic analyses showed that, consistent with previous findings from partial sequence analyses, the Koma strain is closely related to a Russian street strain within the Arctic-related phylogenetic clade. Phenotypic examinations in vitro revealed that the Koma strain and the representative street strains are less neurotropic than the laboratory strains. Examination by using a mouse model demonstrated that the Koma strain and the street strains are more neuroinvasive than the laboratory strains. These findings indicate that the Koma strain retains phenotypes similar to those of street strains, and is therefore useful for studying rabies pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Rabies Virus Strain Isolated from a Dog in Tokyo, Japan in the 1940s

Takahashi

Inukai

Sasaki

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…While this may be possible with DNA viruses, or RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate [40][41][42][43][44][45], it has never been described for Reoviruses such as BTV or other RNA viruses. Rabies virus may provide an exception based on a handful of case reports of virus reactivation after latency of several years [46] but it has not been documented whether these involved a lack of evolutionary changes. In other cases, as in foot-and-mouth disease, viral RNA and infectious virus have been shown to persist in reservoir hosts for multiple years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary stasis of an RNA virus indicates arbovirus re-emergence triggered by accidental release

Pascall

Nomikou

Bréard

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractThe mechanisms underlying virus emergence are rarely well understood, making the appearance of outbreaks largely unpredictable. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8), an insect-borne virus of ruminants, emerged in livestock in Northern Europe in 2006, spreading to most European countries by 2009 and causing losses of billions of Euros. Though the outbreak was successfully controlled through vaccination by early 2010, puzzlingly a closely-related BTV-8 strain re-emerged in France in 2015, triggering a second outbreak that is still ongoing. The origin of this virus and the mechanisms underlying its re-emergence are unknown. Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses of 164 whole BTV-8 genomes sampled throughout the two outbreaks. We demonstrate consistent clock-like virus evolution during both epizootics but found negligible evolutionary change between them. We estimate that the ancestor of the second outbreak dates from the height of the first outbreak in 2008. This implies that the virus had not been replicating for multiple years prior to its re-emergence in 2015. Given the absence of any known natural mechanism that could explain BTV-8 persistence over this period without replication, we conclude that the second outbreak was most likely initiated by accidental exposure of livestock to frozen material contaminated with virus from approximately 2008. Our work highlights new targets for pathogen surveillance programmes in livestock and illustrates the power of genomic epidemiology to identify pathways of infectious disease emergence.

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“…Tadarida brasiliensis es la especie de murciélago más abundante en Chile 24 . Bajo este escenario el rol de los animales domésticos en la infección a humanos es crítico en vista del alto riesgo de transmisión de rabia de murciélagos a perros, dadas las altas densidades de perros a lo largo de Chile 25,26 . Los veterinarios de fauna silvestre en Chile están expuestos a las mordeduras, tanto de animales silvestres como domésticos (Tabla 1); sin embargo, menos de 50% ha sido vacunado.…”

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Encuesta sobre vacunación anti-rábica en veterinarios de fauna silvestre en Chile

Escobar

Yung

Vargas-Rodríguez

et al. 2015

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Long incubation in imported human rabies

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Rabies Virus Strain Isolated from a Dog in Tokyo, Japan in the 1940s

Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Rabies Virus Strain Isolated from a Dog in Tokyo, Japan in the 1940s

Evolutionary stasis of an RNA virus indicates arbovirus re-emergence triggered by accidental release

Encuesta sobre vacunación anti-rábica en veterinarios de fauna silvestre en Chile

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