Long-lasting hyperventilation induced by almitrine: Evidence for a specific effect on carotid and thoracic chemoreceptors

Laubie, Michel; Schmitt, Henri

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(80)90155-7

Cited by 106 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Almitrine acts via the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors raising carotid sinus nerve output and minute ventilation (Laubie & Schmitt, 1980;Roumy & Leitner, 1981). It also has a pulmonary vascular action causing a dose-dependent constriction and dilatation (Bee, Gill, Emery, Salmon, Evans & Barer, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the action of an analogue of almitrine bismesylate in the rat model of hypoxic lung disease

D¹,

Emery²,

Howard³

1992

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYChronically hypoxic (CH) and normoxic control rats were used to assess the action of S9581, a water-soluble analogue of almitrine bismesylate. S9581 increased ventilation (Ve) by 34 % in control and 20 % in CH rats. During acute hypoxia Ve was raised and S9581 caused a further increase of 20% in both groups. Low doses of S9581 and almitrine enhanced the hypoxic ventilatory response in CH rats while high doses depressed it in both groups. Effects of S9581 on the pulmonary circulation were assessed in the isolated perfused lung of rats. As with almitrine a complex relationship of dose-dependent vasoconstriction and dilatation was revealed. In low doses, S9581 enhanced the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to 2% 02 whilst this was attenuated by high doses in both control and CH rats. S9581 seemed to act like almitrine bismesylate on both the ventilation (peripheral chemoreceptor) and the pulmonary circulation. For studying almitrine-like activity the water solubility of S9581 provides considerable advantages for the researcher.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the action of an analogue of almitrine bismesylate in the rat model of hypoxic lung disease

D¹,

Emery²,

Howard³

1992

Experimental Physiology

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“…It has been shown to cause an increase in ventilation through its excitatory action on the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors. This has been demonstrated in a number of species including cat (McCooke and Hanson, 1985), dog (Laubie and Schmitt, 1980), rabbit (Roumy and Leitner, 1981) and rat (Dhillon, 1980). Almitrine has also been demonstrated as effective in improving ventilation in patients with a variety of hypoventilatory and obstructive lung conditions (for references see Derenne, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Laubie and co-workers, from their studies on anaesthetized dogs, concluded that it was unlikely that almitrine had any significant central action (Laubie and Diot 1972;Laubie and Schmitt, 1980). However, anaesthetics are known to depress the central nervous system (C.N.S.…”

Section: Effects Of Imgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Ventilation, Breathing Pattern and Acid‐base Balance of Conscious Rabbits Following Intravenous Almitrine

Maskrey

1986

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. Five conscious rabbits each received a single injection of almitrine bismesylate via a marginal ear vein. Measurements were made of ventilation and breathing pattern using a barometric method, and blood gases, pH and lactate concentration ([Lac]) were measured from arterial blood samples throughout the hour following the injection. Almitrine caused an immediate increase in ventilation through an increase in tidal volume (Vj), frequency (f) showing a small decline. After 15 min f increased to above control level and Vy declined. Slower, deeper breathing was reinstated by 40 min post-injection. Large changes in blood gases occurred in the first 15 min, with PQ^ raised by 30 Torr and Pco, lowered by 20 Torr. These recovered to be within 10 and 7-5 Torr of control at the end of 1 h. [Lac] increased steeply at first, then declined towards control levels. The acid-base situation was mixed, comprising a respiratory alkalosis, resulting from CO2 washout, and a metabolic acidosis from high [Lac]. These results are discussed in the context of assessing the primary and secondary effects of almitrine and recognition of the possibility that the drug may act at more than one site to alter respiration.

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“…A further period of 15 min was then allowed to elapse, and then the hen was given a single bolus intravenous injection of almitrine bimesylate (2 mg. kg-' in 60% (w/v) malic acid; Servier Laboratories, France). Almitrine is a potent stimulant of respiration in both mammals (Laubie & Schmitt, 1980) and birds (Anderson, Gleeson, Haigh & Molony, 1984) and has a specific stimulatory action on arterial chemoreceptors. The respiratory stimulant effects of almitrine are long-lasting and up to 60 min elapsed before breathing frequency and minute volume returned to control values.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Intrapulmonary Chemoreceptor Discharge in Response to the Adjustment of Respiratory Pattern During Hyperventilation in Domestic Fowl

Gleeson

1985

Exp Physiol

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It has been suggested that avian vagal intrapulmonary CO2‐sensitive receptors (i.p.c.) may be capable of monitoring the rate and extent of CO2 wash‐out from the lung during spontaneous breathing. The purpose of this study was to record i.p.c. discharge activity in spontaneously breathing domestic fowl when minute volume (V1) was elevated from resting levels. This was accomplished by administration of almitrine (2 mg. kg−1 i.v.), a respiratory stimulant drug that has been shown to have a specific long‐lasting stimulatory action on carotid body chemoreceptors. Unanaesthetized decerebrate fowl were tracheotomized and single‐unit activity was recorded from sixteen vagal i.p.c. When ventilation was elevated 2·2‐fold by, almitrine (initially by increases in tidal volume (VT)) i.p.c. discharge was increased in both inspiration and expiration, and the delay period before the onset of i.p.c. discharge in inspiration was markedly shortened. Within 5‐10 min after the administration of almitrine, the breathing pattern changed to one of rapid, shallow breathing, although the 2·2‐fold elevation of the rate of gas flow through the parabronchi (V) and mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/T1) were maintained. The i.p.c. continued to fire phasically, with peaks of discharge in both inspiration and expiration, though there were fewer spikes per breath and mean inspiratory peak discharge rate returned to control (eupnoeic) levels. It is concluded that i.p.c. discharge is increased when V1 is elevated in the spontaneously breathing fowl and that the pattern of discharge is dependent on the pattern of breathing. I.p.c. show high dynamic sensitivity to changes in the PC02 of their microenvironment and it is possible to explain the changes in discharge pattern observed in terms of the PCO2 changes in the lungs and air sacs. These results support proposals that the pattern of breathing is to some extent dependent upon the intensity and timing of i.p.c. activity.

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Long-lasting hyperventilation induced by almitrine: Evidence for a specific effect on carotid and thoracic chemoreceptors

Cited by 106 publications

References 14 publications

An analysis of the action of an analogue of almitrine bismesylate in the rat model of hypoxic lung disease

An analysis of the action of an analogue of almitrine bismesylate in the rat model of hypoxic lung disease

Changes in Ventilation, Breathing Pattern and Acid‐base Balance of Conscious Rabbits Following Intravenous Almitrine

Changes in Intrapulmonary Chemoreceptor Discharge in Response to the Adjustment of Respiratory Pattern During Hyperventilation in Domestic Fowl

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