Long-lasting Permethrin Impregnated Uniforms

Vaughn, Meagan F.; Funkhouser, Sheana; Lin, Feng‐Chang; Fine, Jason P.; Juliano, Jonathan J.; Apperson, Charles S.; Meshnick, Steven R.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.008

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Adult I. scapularis or I. affinis ticks were collected by flagging vegetation. In a few cases, ticks were collected from participants in a longitudinal study of North Carolina park and forestry rangers (20). Immediately after collection, the ticks were preserved in 85% ethanol and transported to laboratory facilities, where they were stored at Ϫ20°C until they were processed as described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

Treuren

Ponnusamy

Brinkerhoff

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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179

204

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n Ixodes scapularis is the principal vector of Lyme disease on the East Coast and in the upper Midwest regions of the UnitedStates, yet the tick is also present in the Southeast, where Lyme disease is absent or rare. A closely related species, I. affinis, also carries the pathogen in the South but does not seem to transmit it to humans. In order to better understand the geographic diversity of the tick, we analyzed the microbiota of 104 adult I. scapularis and 13 adult I. affinis ticks captured in 19 locations in South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Connecticut, and New York. Initially, ticks from 4 sites were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing. Subsequently, ticks from these sites plus 15 others were analyzed by sequencing with an Illumina MiSeq machine. By both analyses, the microbiomes of female ticks were significantly less diverse than those of male ticks. The dissimilarity between tick microbiomes increased with distance between sites, and the state in which a tick was collected could be inferred from its microbiota. The genus Rickettsia was prominent in all locations. Borrelia was also present in most locations and was present at especially high levels in one site in western Virginia. In contrast, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were very common in North Carolina I. scapularis ticks but uncommon in I. scapularis ticks from other sites and in North Carolina I. affinis ticks. These data suggest substantial variations in the Ixodes microbiota in association with geography, species, and sex.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

Treuren

Ponnusamy

Brinkerhoff

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

179

204

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“…Products containing permethrin should be applied to outer clothing (e.g., shirts and pants) and not directly to skin (314). Permethrin-impregnated clothing can reduce tick bites by >80% among outdoor workers (326,327). Repellents, including plant-derived repellents, have a wide range of efficacy, periods of use, and safety (328,329); check listed EPA-registered products for efficacy against ticks (http:// cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/insect).To help prevent ticks from reaching the skin and attaching, protective clothing should be worn when outdoors, including long-sleeved shirts, pants, socks, and closedtoe shoes (330).…”

Section: Box 8 Summary Of Confirmatory Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmosis — United States

Biggs¹,

Behravesh²,

et al. 2016

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“…Mixson et al 2006). This species was also collected most frequently from foresters in a large-scale study conducted in central and eastern NC in 2011 and 2012 (Vaughn et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same study showed a reduction in tick bites, regardless of treatment type, compared to people wearing untreated clothing. A large-scale study evaluating the effectiveness of permethrin-treated uniforms in state forestry and recreation/parks employees in central and eastern NC concluded that Insect Shield ® -treated clothing was less effective at repelling ticks in the second (38 % protection) compared to the first (83 % protection) year of wear (Vaughn et al 2014). A study conducted by the French military compared the effectiveness of permethrin-treated uniforms, repellant (KBR3023)-treated uniforms, and uniforms treated simultaneously with permethrin and KBR3023 for protection from Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquito bites (Pennetier et al 2010).…”

Section: Repellant/insecticide-treated Clothingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effectiveness of permethrin-treated clothing to prevent tick exposure in foresters in the central Appalachian region of the USA

Richards

Balanay

Harris

2014

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Outdoor workers are at risk from mosquito and tick bites and the extent to which exposures are linked to vector-borne disease is not understood. This pilot study characterizes for ester exposure to mosquitoes and ticks, and assesses effectiveness of permethrin-treated clothing for prevention of tick bites. Foresters (N = 34) from Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia were placed into treatment (permethrin-treated clothing) or control (untreated clothing) groups. Foresters completed questionnaires about work-related tick/mosquito exposure and 454 ticks were collected/identified from May to June 2013. A time-weighted analysis based on information submitted by foresters about time working outdoors showed that control participants received a lower rate of tick exposure (0.15 tick bites/hour; 13 bites/person) compared to treatment participants (0.27 bites/hour; 21 bites/person). However, more control participants (85 %) received at least one tick bite compared to treatment participants (52 %). Outdoor workers should be aware of available protective measures, such as permethrin-treated clothing, that may mitigate occupational risks.

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Long-lasting Permethrin Impregnated Uniforms

Cited by 52 publications

References 19 publications

Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmosis — United States

Effectiveness of permethrin-treated clothing to prevent tick exposure in foresters in the central Appalachian region of the USA

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