Long‐lived immunity to canine core vaccine antigens in UK dogs as assessed by an in‐practice test kit

Killey, R.; Mynors, C.; Pearce, Richard M.; Nell, A.J.; Prentis, A.; Day, Michael

doi:10.1111/jsap.12775

Cited by 19 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…CPV-2 antibody titres can be used to assess whether individual dogs are protected against infection: neutralizing antibody titres for CPV-2 are indeed recognized correlates of protection, so seropositive dogs above the cut-off value are deemed protected against infection [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lifelong immunity to the diseases develops after natural CPV-2 infection/disease, while the persistence of antibodies in MLV-vaccinated dogs can last up to 10 years [6]. Current guidelinesrecommend parvovirus revaccination of adult dogs no more frequently than every 3 years [7] since the minimum duration of immunity after MLV vaccination may be even longer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological survey of canine parvovirus 2 antibody titres in breeding kennels in northern Italy

et al. 2019

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Background Current guidelines recommend parvovirus revaccination of adult dogs no more frequently than every 3 years. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dogs showing protective serum antibody titres against canine parvovirus 2 in breeding kennels in Northern Italy and to assess the effect of time from vaccination and the sex of the dog on antibody titres. The study was carried out on 370 animals of different breeds kept in 33 breeding kennels. Antibodies to canine parvovirus 2 in serum samples were measured with an indirect immunoenzymatic assay validated by the manufacturer in relation to the ‘gold standard’ haemagglutination inhibition test. The number of months that had elapsed since the last vaccination was calculated for each animal and categorized into the following classes: < 12 months; 13–24 months; 25–36 months; 37–48 months; and > 49 months. Results The prevalence of ‘unprotected’ dogs was 4.6%. A satisfactory solid herd immunity was present in the majority of breeding kennels, although some vaccination failures were detected. A significant negative correlation was found between antibody titre and months since last vaccination. Comparable antibody titres were found in the first 3 years after vaccination. Although the antibody titre over time was not affected by the sex of the dog, ‘unprotected’ females had been vaccinated more recently than males with analogous low titres. Conclusions Parvovirus revaccination of adult dogs every 3 years, as currently recommended, is also the appropriate recommendation for breeding kennels. Serological tests could be a useful tool to assess the effectiveness of vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of canine parvovirus 2 antibody titres in breeding kennels in northern Italy

et al. 2019

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“…Development of protective immunity is not dependent on the number of MLV core vaccines given during the puppy vaccination series, but rather when they are given. For adult animals, there is ample evidence supporting revaccination with quality-assured international MLV core vaccines no more frequently than every 3 years (Abdelmagid et al 2004, Bohm et al 2004, Mouzin et al 2004, Gore et al 2005, Schultz 2006, Larson & Schultz 2007, Mitchell et al 2012, Killey et al 2018 [EB1]. While regulatory authorities in LATAM countries require annual revaccination with international MLV core vaccines licensed elsewhere for use at 3-year intervals, this practice is regarded as inappropriate use of client financial resources that are better applied to annual wellness examinations, routine parasite prophylaxis, and treatment of medical issues.…”

Section: Canine Vaccination: Aspirational Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is increasing literature to support the use of such serological tests in veterinary practice (e.g. Killey et al 2018) [EB1]. Moreover, there is a substantial literature that evaluates the annual health check consultation and advises on the content, timing and approach to such a consultation (e.g.…”

Section: Feline Vaccination: Pragmatic Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult dogs that receive triennial core revaccination are known to have stable protective antibody titres during each 3-year revaccination cycle and experimental data have shown that puppies appropriately vaccinated in early life (and then never again as adults) maintain a plateau of protective antibody titres against CDV, CAV and CPV2 (Schultz 2006) [EB1]. There is a wealth of serological data that shows that annual core revaccination of adult dogs is unnecessary and that protective antibody titres are maintained perfectly adequately with triennial (or longer) core revaccination (Abdelmagid et al 2004, Bohm et al 2004, Mouzin et al 2004, Gore et al 2005, Schultz 2006, Larson & Schultz 2007, Mitchell et al 2012, Killey et al 2018 [EB1]. Some veterinarians like to vaccinate breeding bitches just before they are mated, but there is no evidence that this provides higher quality MDA than in bitches receiving a standard triennial core revaccination protocol.…”

Section: Do Puppies Born To a Mother That Is Revaccinated Annually Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Day

Crawford

Marcondes

et al. 2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Executive Summary The World Small Animal Veterinary Association Vaccination Guidelines Group has produced global guidelines for small companion animal practitioners on best practice in canine and feline vaccination. Recognising that there are unique aspects of veterinary practice in certain geographical regions of the world, the Vaccination Guidelines Group undertook a regional project in Latin America between 2016 and 2019, culminating in the present document. The Vaccination Guidelines Group gathered scientific and demographic data during visits to Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, by discussion with national key opinion leaders, visiting veterinary practices and review of the scientific literature. A questionnaire survey was completed by 1390 veterinarians in five Latin American countries and the Vaccination Guidelines Group delivered continuing education at seven events attended by over 3500 veterinarians. The Vaccination Guidelines Group recognised numerous challenges in Latin America, for example: (1) lack of national oversight of the veterinary profession, (2) extraordinary growth in private veterinary schools of undetermined quality, (3) socioeconomic constraints on client engagement with preventive health care, (4) high regional prevalence of some key infectious diseases (e.g. feline leukaemia virus infection, canine visceral leishmaniosis), (5) almost complete lack of minimal antigen vaccine products as available in other markets, (6) relative lack of vaccine products with extended duration of immunity as available in other markets, (7) availability of vaccine products withdrawn from other markets (e.g. Giardia vaccine) or unique to Latin America (e.g. some Leishmania vaccines), (8) accessibility of vaccines directly by pet owners or breeders such that vaccination is not delivered under veterinary supervision, (9) limited availability of continuing education in veterinary vaccinology and lack of compulsion for continuing professional development and (10) limited peer‐reviewed published scientific data on small companion animal infectious diseases (with the exception of leishmaniosis) and lack of support for such academic research. In this document, the Vaccination Guidelines Group summarises the findings of this project and assesses in evidence‐based fashion the scientific literature pertaining to companion animal vaccine‐preventable diseases in Latin America. The Vaccination Guidelines Group makes some recommendations on undergraduate and postgraduate education and academic research. Recognising that current product availability in Latin America does not permit veterinarians in these countries to vaccinate according to the global World Small Animal Veterinary Association guidelines, the Vaccination Guidelines Group makes a series of “pragmatic” recommendations as to what might be currently achievable, and a series of “aspirational” recommendations as to what might be desirable for the future. The concept of “vaccine husbandry” is addressed via some simple guidelines for the management of vaccine products i...

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Canine vaccines

Tizard

2021

Vaccines for Veterinarians

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Long‐lived immunity to canine core vaccine antigens in UK dogs as assessed by an in‐practice test kit

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Serological survey of canine parvovirus 2 antibody titres in breeding kennels in northern Italy

Serological survey of canine parvovirus 2 antibody titres in breeding kennels in northern Italy

Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Canine vaccines

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