Long non‐coding RNA, a supreme post‐transcriptional immune regulator of bacterial or virus‐driven immune evolution in teleost

Abstract

The global aquaculture boom, fuelled by a reduction in wild population and detection of novel viruses, has created a demanding market, hence, there is a pressing need to investigate the immune system of fish, further. As the most diverse community of vertebrates and a central contributor to the progressing global aquaculture market, teleost continues to draw vast scientific interest. Recent breakthroughs in multiomics technologies have provided a platform to understand the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the host immune system during infection. Emerging evidence shows that teleost lncRNA might have a regulatory role in immune responses, mostly through lncRNA-microRNA (miRNA) sponging. Teleost lncRNA shares a functionally active short sequence complement to target the miRNA which is conserved among the several fish species. Recent report suggests that rhabdovirus exploits a lncRNA in teleost and, to dodge the host immune mechanism and negatively regulate the immune system. This observation reveals the essentiality of lncRNA in pathogendriven immunity in teleost. Reports available on the function of teleost lncRNA are still in early stages and experimental verifications are a limiting factor. Unravelling the lncRNA-mediated immune regulation in fishes could be used against the invading pathogens to strengthen the aquaculture production. This review elaborates on the experimentally identified and functionally characterized lncRNA and its regulatory role in the teleost immune response during infection and pathogen-driven host immune evolution, which could eventually lead to achieving high standards in aquaculture productivity.

Effect of TRAF6 -knockout on gene expression and lncRNA expression in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells

“…In addition to protein-coding genes, long-noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules with a length of over 200 nt that possess various functions in regulating gene transcription, epigenetic regulation, and cell proliferation and differentiation (Esteller 2011 ; Chen et al 2022 ). Recently, several studies have investigated the roles of lncRNAs in the immunity of fish (Wang et al 2018 ; Leiva et al 2020 ; Zheng et al 2021a ; Haridevamuthu et al 2023 ). Zheng et al ( 2022 ) demonstrated that the lncRNA MIR122HG inhibits the innate immune response by negatively regulating the TAK1 pathway.…”

Genome-wide identification and characterization of tissue specific long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

“…In such approach, role of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis has immense impact on aquaculture productivity, fish health, and quality ( Zhou et al, 2023 ). Besides this, lncRNA has key role in immunity of fish which is directly linked with productivity ( Haridevamuthu et al, 2023 ). Aquaculture is currently considered essential in ensuring food security and maintaining economic stability, and it is the most rapidly expanding farmed food industry on a global scale due to the depletion of natural fish populations ( Jennings et al, 2016 ).…”