Long noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma via various signaling pathways

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most commonly seen malignant bone tumors, which has higher incidence in both children and teenagers with lung metastasis. 1,2 Three main strategies, namely surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are applied for patients currently. 3 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgical treatment has been reported to improve the 5-year survival rate to nearly 70% in localized OS over the past three decades, however, chemoresistance to these drugs is still the main obstacle for curing this malignancy, 1,4 thereby leading to poor prognosis, high recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, identification of effective biomarkers for pathogenesis, prognosis, and metastasis is essential for OS patients. 5 A variety of potential biomarkers have been identified in recent years, which could widely regulate the oncogenesis, prognosis, and metastasis of OS. Nevertheless, the detailed molecular regulatory mechanisms of OS needs further exploration. 6,7 In the last few decades, ground-breaking progress in transcriptional regulators of mammalian genome, known as "non-coding RNAs" (ncRNAs), has become a major concern of molecular biological research worldwide. Although initially considered to be transcriptional noise or so-called "Junk" for lack of coding potential, numerous ncRNAs have been found to play pivotal roles in cellular processes of different diseases, including cancer. [8][9][10] Regulatory ncRNAs are mainly categorized into two classes based on their

Global profile of tRNA-derived small RNAs in gastric cancer patient plasma and identification of tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP as a new tumor suppressor

“…Studies have shown that an increasing number of ncRNAs are associated with tumors 34 - 38 . For example, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can affect the development and progression of tumors 34 , 35 . Circular RNA can also affect many diseases, including cancers 36 - 38 .…”

Chlamydia trachomatis Plasmid Protein pORF5 Up-Regulates ZFAS1 to Promote Host Cell Survival via MAPK/p38 Pathway

“…Studies have reported that Chlamydia pneumonia can induce ET-1 production through the MAPK/p38 signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells to promote cell proliferation ( Kern et al, 2009 ). ZFAS1 has been shown to activate MAPK signaling pathway, and promote the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells by regulating the MAPK/p38 signaling pathway ( Gan et al, 2019 ; Han and Shen, 2020 ). In our experiment, MAPK/p38 activation was repressed during the anti-apoptotic process after interfering ZFAS1 expression, indicating that ZFAS1 can exert an anti-apoptotic effect by regulating the p38 signaling pathway.…”

Small and Long Non-coding RNAs as Functional Regulators of Bone Homeostasis, Acting Alone or Cooperatively

“… 90 It has been proved that HOTAIR promotes the proliferation and invasion of OS cells by the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. 91 However, it is also involved in bone regeneration from MSCs. 4 HOTAIR reduces the expression of miR-17-5p and elevates the Smad7 transcript level at the same time, and thus Smad7 is a target of miR-17-5p .…”