Long Range Emissive Water-Soluble Fluorogenic Molecular Platform for Imaging Carbon Monoxide in Live Cells

Abstract

Despite its murderous act, carbon monoxide (CO) is found to be a very crucial small gaseous messenger molecule in dictating prime biological and physiological processes. Determination of endogenous or exhaled CO levels can throw significant light on smoking status and can be used as a breath biomarker of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, fluorescence imaging of CO in biofluids will empower one with the minute details of various disease states that involve CO. Unfortunately, such efficient fluorescent probes are less in number and also associated with tedious protocols. This enticed our attention and inspired us to look upon developing perceptive imaging agents for CO in a living system. In this report, a resorufin-based "turn-on" orange emissive molecular probe has been successfully utilized to detect CO in an aqueous system. The mono protection of a resorufin unit with an allyl chloroformate furnished a weakly fluorescent small molecular probe P1. Further, the P1+Pd 2+ ensemble has been successfully developed in situ using PdCl 2 (as Pd 2+ ) and utilized as a light-up signaling mechanism tool for the sensing of CO at the nanomolar level (62 nM) through deprotection mechanism. The probe selectively detects CO without any interference from other anions, gasotransmitters and fatty acids. The present integrated probe P1+Pd 2+ system has been found to be highly sensitive to detect CO in cellular systems as well.

The emergence and advancement of Tsuji–Trost reaction triggered carbon monoxide recognition and bioimaging

“…Our group reported a resorufin-based water-soluble fluorophore ( probe 20) for imaging of CO. 98 The resorufin scaffold was chosen owing to its good aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, and easier availability. We have used gaseous CO (dissolved in solution) as a source of CO for examining the probe's sensitivity, selectivity, and detection ability towards CO.…”

Small-molecule fluorescent probes for imaging gaseous signaling molecules: current progress and future implications

“…In 2019, Mondal et al reported a water-soluble uorogenic molecular platform for imaging CO in biouids (probe 46). 64 Resorun was selected as the uorophore based on its excellent water solubility, good biocompatibility and easy availability. Instead of using CO release molecules (CORMs), the author used CO gas (dissolved in solution and living cells) to investigate the detection capability of the probe.…”

NIR-I emissive cyanine derived molecular probe for selective monitoring of hepatic albumin levels during hyperglycemia

“…Thus, in this study, we attempted to measure and visualize hepatic albumin levels by exploring fluorescence microscopy, offering potential advantages. [15][16][17][18][19] To attain this, a potential organic optical marker (BI-CyG), triggering a noticeable optical signal with the serum albumin was developed and is reported in this study. The developed probe was carefully designed and derivatized from the cyanine scaffold framework owing to the extended conjugation of cyanine, as indicated by several literature reports.…”