Long-Term Characterization of Electrode Materials for Surface Electrodes in Biopotential Recording

Hoffmann, Klaus‐Peter; Ruff, Roman; Poppendieck, Wigand

doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.4397886

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…More specifically, we decided to use 10-mm sintered silver-silver chloride electrode disks (Figure 2a), which proved to be more electrically stable for long-term operation than Ag/AgCl electrodes manufactured with a galvanization process [23,24], offering advantages of relatively low impedance, being re-usable (in one subject) and long-lasting. They also have a non-polarizable behavior and higher mechanical stability than regular silver-silver chloride electrodes [25].…”

Section: Dry Ecg Electrode Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arm-ECG Wireless Sensor System for Wearable Long-Term Surveillance of Heart Arrhythmias

2019

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This article presents the devising, development, prototyping and assessment of a wearable arm-ECG sensor system (WAMECG1) for long-term non-invasive heart rhythm monitoring, and functionalities for acquiring, storing, visualizing and transmitting high-quality far-field electrocardiographic signals. The system integrates the main building blocks present in a typical ECG monitoring device such as the skin surface electrodes, front-end amplifiers, analog and digital signal conditioning filters, flash memory and wireless communication capability. These are integrated into a comfortable, easy to wear, and ergonomically designed arm-band ECG sensor system which can acquire a bipolar ECG signal from the upper arm of the user over a period of 72 h. The small-amplitude bipolar arm-ECG signal is sensed by a reusable, long-lasting, Ag–AgCl based dry electrode pair, then digitized using a programmable sampling rate in the range of 125 to 500 Hz and transmitted via Wi-Fi. The prototype comparative performance assessment results showed a cross-correlation value of 99.7% and an error of less than 0.75% when compared to a reference high-resolution medical-grade ECG system. Also, the quality of the recorded far-field bipolar arm-ECG signal was validated in a pilot trial with volunteer subjects from within the research team, by wearing the prototype device while: (a) resting in a chair; and (b) doing minor physical activities. The R-peak detection average sensibilities were 99.66% and 94.64%, while the positive predictive values achieved 99.1% and 92.68%, respectively. Without using any additional algorithm for signal enhancement, the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values were 21.71 and 18.25 for physical activity conditions (a) and (b) respectively. Therefore, the performance assessment results suggest that the wearable arm-band prototype device is a suitable, self-contained, unobtrusive platform for comfortable cardiac electrical activity and heart rhythm logging and monitoring.

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Section: Dry Ecg Electrode Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arm-ECG Wireless Sensor System for Wearable Long-Term Surveillance of Heart Arrhythmias

2019

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“…Each of these materials must provide flexibility to improve contact during movement of the individual. Based on this flexibility, designs can be found with conductive foam [ 14 ], conducting polymers (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)) and polymers with conductive particles (silver) [ 15 ], nanoparticles [ 16 ], or carbon nanotubes [ 17 ]. As for the location of the electrodes, there are works published in the literature with electrodes arranged in different positions on T-shirts, vests, girdles, and swimsuits [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Concentric Ring Electrodes for ECG Recording Based on Screen-Printing Technology

Lidón-Roger

Prats-Boluda

Ye-Lin

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Among many of the electrode designs used in electrocardiography (ECG), concentric ring electrodes (CREs) are one of the most promising due to their enhanced spatial resolution. Their development has undergone a great push due to their use in recent years; however, they are not yet widely used in clinical practice. CRE implementation in textiles will lead to a low cost, flexible, comfortable, and robust electrode capable of detecting high spatial resolution ECG signals. A textile CRE set has been designed and developed using screen-printing technology. This is a mature technology in the textile industry and, therefore, does not require heavy investments. Inks employed as conductive elements have been silver and a conducting polymer (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate; PEDOT:PSS). Conducting polymers have biocompatibility advantages, they can be used with flexible substrates, and they are available for several printing technologies. CREs implemented with both inks have been compared by analyzing their electric features and their performance in detecting ECG signals. The results reveal that silver CREs present a higher average thickness and slightly lower skin-electrode impedance than PEDOT:PSS CREs. As for ECG recordings with subjects at rest, both CREs allowed the uptake of bipolar concentric ECG signals (BC-ECG) with signal-to-noise ratios similar to that of conventional ECG recordings. Regarding the saturation and alterations of ECGs captured with textile CREs caused by intentional subject movements, silver CREs presented a more stable response (fewer saturations and alterations) than those of PEDOT:PSS. Moreover, BC-ECG signals provided higher spatial resolution compared to conventional ECG. This improved spatial resolution was manifested in the identification of P1 and P2 waves of atrial activity in most of the BC-ECG signals. It can be concluded that textile silver CREs are more suitable than those of PEDOT:PSS for obtaining BC-ECG records. These developed textile electrodes bring the use of CREs closer to the clinical environment.

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“…Ag/AgCl electrodes have low half-cell potential and also show similar characteristics to perfectly nonpolarizable electrodes. A comprehensive long-term study of surface electrode materials was performed in 0.9% NaCl solution by Hoffmann et al [14]. It was shown that nonpolarizable electrodes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabric-Based Wearable Dry Electrodes for Body Surface Biopotential Recording

Yokus

Jur

2016

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

181

103

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A flexible and conformable dry electrode design on nonwoven fabrics is examined as a sensing platform for biopotential measurements. Due to limitations of commercial wet electrodes (e.g., shelf life, skin irritation), dry electrodes are investigated as the potential candidates for long-term monitoring of ECG signals. Multilayered dry electrodes are fabricated by screen printing of Ag/AgCl conductive inks on flexible nonwoven fabrics. This study focuses on the investigation of skin-electrode interface, form factor design, electrode body placement of printed dry electrodes for a wearable sensing platform. ECG signals obtained with dry and wet electrodes are comparatively studied as a function of body posture and movement. Experimental results show that skin-electrode impedance is influenced by printed electrode area, skin-electrode interface material, and applied pressure. The printed electrode yields comparable ECG signals to wet electrodes, and the QRS peak amplitude of ECG signal is dependent on printed electrode area and electrode on body spacing. Overall, fabric-based printed dry electrodes present an inexpensive health monitoring platform solution for mobile wearable electronics applications by fulfilling user comfort and wearability.

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Long-Term Characterization of Electrode Materials for Surface Electrodes in Biopotential Recording

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Arm-ECG Wireless Sensor System for Wearable Long-Term Surveillance of Heart Arrhythmias

Arm-ECG Wireless Sensor System for Wearable Long-Term Surveillance of Heart Arrhythmias

Textile Concentric Ring Electrodes for ECG Recording Based on Screen-Printing Technology

Fabric-Based Wearable Dry Electrodes for Body Surface Biopotential Recording

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