Long-Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Gut Microbiota Composition and Faecal Metabolome Related to Obesity Remission

Abstract

Obesity is one of the main worldwide public health concerns whose clinical management demands new therapeutic approaches. Bariatric surgery is the most efficient treatment when other therapies have previously failed. Due to the role of gut microbiota in obesity development, the knowledge of the link between bariatric surgery and gut microbiota could elucidate new mechanistic approaches. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of bariatric surgery in the faecal metagenome and metabolome of patients with severe obesity. Faecal and blood samples were collected before and four years after the intervention from patients with severe obesity. Biochemical, metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were performed and faecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. Bariatric surgery improved the obesity-related status of patients and significantly reshaped gut microbiota composition. Moreover, this procedure was associated with a specific metabolome profile characterized by a reduction in energetic and amino acid metabolism. Acetate, butyrate and propionate showed a significant reduction with bariatric surgery. Finally, correlation analysis suggested the existence of a long-term compositional and functional gut microbiota profile associated with the intervention. In conclusion, bariatric surgery triggered long-lasting effects on gut microbiota composition and faecal metabolome that could be associated with the remission of obesity.

Does Physical Inactivity Induce Significant Changes in Human Gut Microbiota? New Answers Using the Dry Immersion Hypoactivity Model

“…The gut microbiota composition is influenced by various factors, such as birth mode, living environment, diet, and antibiotic intake. Several studies have described links also with physical activity and energy expenditure, and recent reviews have highlighted the reciprocal interactions between physical activity and gut microbiota [1][2][3][4][5]. For instance, athletes display a specific gut microbiota composition.…”

Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within?

“…In summary, bariatric surgery leads to a decrease in Firmicutes (including Lactobacillus , Clostridium , Faecalibacterium , Roseburia ) and an increase in A. muciniphila and Proteobacteria (including Enterobacter , Escherichia , Enterococcus ) [ 338 , [341] , [342] , [343] ]. Additionally, a significant reduction in SCFAs, and energy and amino acid metabolism were detected post-bariatric surgery [ 340 , 344 ]. A longitudinal study revealed that the changes in the gut microbiota and in the faecal metabolomics were present even 4 years post surgery [ 344 ].…”

“…Additionally, a significant reduction in SCFAs, and energy and amino acid metabolism were detected post-bariatric surgery [ 340 , 344 ]. A longitudinal study revealed that the changes in the gut microbiota and in the faecal metabolomics were present even 4 years post surgery [ 344 ]. Furthermore, bariatric surgery response can vary among individuals and the gut microbiota configuration pre-surgery was discovered to be an important predictor of surgery outcomes [ 343 ].…”

The impact of the interplay of the intestinal microbiome and diet on the metabolomic and health outcomes of bariatric surgery

“…In contrast, the Proteobacteria phylum has been associated with a beneficial profile that is characterized by decreased systemic inflammation and improved glucose homeostasis 92 and correlated with weight loss. 86,88 BS leads to the development of a new intestinal microbiota status.…”