Long term exposure to air pollution and mortality in an elderly cohort in Hong Kong

Abstract

Long-term exposure to ambient PM and BC was associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality. Despite far higher air pollution exposure concentrations, HRs per unit increase in PM were similar to those from recent comparable studies in North America.

Long-term exposure to NO2 and O3 and all-cause and respiratory mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Metrics reported included minimum (n = 9) ( Crouse et al, 2015a , Lipsett et al, 2011 , Hartiala et al, 2016 , Carey et al, 2013 , Filleul et al, 2005 , Rosenlund et al, 2008 , Cesaroni et al, 2013 , Chen et al, 2016 , Yorifuji et al, 2013 ); 5 th percentile (n = 8) ( Weichenthal et al, 2017 , Turner et al, 2016 , Hart et al, 2011 , Hart et al, 2013 , Lipfert et al, 2006 , Fischer et al, 2015 , Brunekreef et al, 2009 , Yang et al, 2018 )and 25th percentile (n = 1) ( Desikan et al, 2015 ) values of the distribution of NO 2 concentrations; values ranged from 4.5 μg/m 3 ( Carey et al, 2013 ) to 81.3 μg/m 3 ( Chen et al, 2016 ). For respiratory mortality 11 out of 15 studies included in the meta-analysis reported details of low NO 2 concentrations in the studies (five minimum ( Crouse et al, 2015a , Lipsett et al, 2011 , Carey et al, 2013 , Cesaroni et al, 2013 , Yorifuji et al, 2013 ) and six 5th percentile ( Weichenthal et al, 2017 , Turner et al, 2016 , Hart et al, 2011 , Fischer et al, 2015 , Brunekreef et al, 2009 , Yang et al, 2018 ) values, ranging from 4.5 μg/m 3 to 81.3 μg/m 3 . Eight of the nine studies of COPD reporting low concentrations, five ( Crouse et al, 2015a , Carey et al, 2013 , Yorifuji et al, 2013 , Gan et al, 2013 , Naess et al, 2007 ) were for minimum concentrations and three ( Turner et al, 2016 , Hart et al, 2011 , Yang et al, 2018 , Yorifuji et al, 2010 ) for 5th percentile values.…”

“…For respiratory mortality 11 out of 15 studies included in the meta-analysis reported details of low NO 2 concentrations in the studies (five minimum ( Crouse et al, 2015a , Lipsett et al, 2011 , Carey et al, 2013 , Cesaroni et al, 2013 , Yorifuji et al, 2013 ) and six 5th percentile ( Weichenthal et al, 2017 , Turner et al, 2016 , Hart et al, 2011 , Fischer et al, 2015 , Brunekreef et al, 2009 , Yang et al, 2018 ) values, ranging from 4.5 μg/m 3 to 81.3 μg/m 3 . Eight of the nine studies of COPD reporting low concentrations, five ( Crouse et al, 2015a , Carey et al, 2013 , Yorifuji et al, 2013 , Gan et al, 2013 , Naess et al, 2007 ) were for minimum concentrations and three ( Turner et al, 2016 , Hart et al, 2011 , Yang et al, 2018 , Yorifuji et al, 2010 ) for 5th percentile values. The lowest reported concentration was 0 μg/m 3 ( Crouse et al, 2015a ).…”

“…The lowest reported concentration was 0 μg/m 3 ( Crouse et al, 2015a ). Two ( Carey et al, 2013 , Yorifuji et al, 2013 ) of the four studies of ALRI mortality reported minimum NO 2 concentrations and two ( Turner et al, 2016 , Yang et al, 2018 , Yorifuji et al, 2010 ) reported concentrations for the 5th percentile with values ranging from 4.5 μg/m 3 to 81.3 μg/m 3 .…”

A time‐to‐event analysis on air pollutants with the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 84 cohort studies

“…After assessing 58 full‐text for eligibility; we excluded nine studies because of: (1) no PM 2.5 data for the hypertension outcome ( n = 3), (2) increments for the pollutant concentration was change from previous concentration/place ( n = 2), (3) no clear data on hazard ratio, only in a diagram without precise data on hazard ratio and confidence interval ( n = 1), and (4) no specific data on pollutants, only distance from highways/road ( n = 3) (Figure 1). We included 49 articles in qualitative and quantitative synthesis; 5 articles were a joint cohort studies comprising of 2 (Dehbi 2017), 2 (Stockfelt 2018), 3 (Cai 2018), 11 (ESCAPE 2014), and 22 (Beelen 2014) cohorts, adding up to a total of 84 cohorts 1,3,5‐7,9‐52 . There were a total of 28 215 394 subjects from 84 cohorts.…”

Vertical monitoring of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in urban street canyons of Hong Kong

“…The methodology can be applied to collect empirical data on pollution in other cities, notably in Asia and the developing world, as a first step towards recognizing the problem and fostering greater regional cooperation. Several publications have resulted from this field methodology (Lee et al, 2017, Yang et al, 2018.…”