Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Vascular Damage in Young Adults

Lenters, Virissa; Uiterwaal, Cuno S.P.M.; Beelen, Rob; Bots, Michiel L.; Fischer, Paul; Brunekreef, Bert; Hoek, Gerard

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181dec3a7

Cited by 103 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…23,24 An interim analysis 25 in MESA showed that exposure to a 2·5 μg/m 3 higher PM 2·5 concentration was associated with a 5 μm per year increase in intima-media thickness progression; the interim study used a different approach to image analysis, a less-developed approach to exposure estimation, and a much shorter period of follow-up. An observational study 26 within clinical trial data showed associations between PM 2·5 and intima-media thickness progression in some subgroups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Air Pollution and Coronary Artery Calcification Within Six Metropolitan Areas in the USA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution): A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Kaufman¹,

Adar²,

Barr³

2016

Journal of Vascular Surgery

110

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Background-Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter less than 2·5 μm in diameter (PM 2·5 ) and traffic-related air pollutant concentrations are associated with cardiovascular risk. The disease process underlying these associations remains uncertain. We aim to assess association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and progression of coronary artery calcium and common carotid artery intima-media thickness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Air Pollution and Coronary Artery Calcification Within Six Metropolitan Areas in the USA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution): A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Kaufman¹,

Adar²,

Barr³

2016

Journal of Vascular Surgery

110

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“…A study of young adults in the Netherlands (Lenters et al, 2010) found no significant associations between either PM 2.5 mass or BC and vascular damage in a population-based cohort of those born between 1970 and 1973, who attended secondary school in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and who agreed to participate in the study. A subpopulation of never smokers showed significant associations with both PM 2.5 mass and BC.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Wyzga

Rohr

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

122

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While most in the scientific community are of the opinion that the composition of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is an important driver of resultant health effects, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding those components considered to be most harmful. Reviews of the subject from several perspectives have been published, but to our knowledge a comprehensive review of the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM 2.5 components does not exist. We reviewed published epidemiological studies that were of a cohort design, included at least one PM component as well as PM 2.5 mass, and included quantitative analysis to relate health outcomes to individual components. Toxicological studies were included if they were ≥5 months in duration and either included at least one PM component as well as PM mass or focused on a specific PM or emissions type. Overall, we find that epidemiological and toxicological evidence for long-term effects of PM components is limited, in contrast to the short-term literature, which is more plentiful. Epidemiological literature suggests that a number of components are associated with health effects, and that no component is unequivocally not so associated. Toxicological studies that can more easily identify potentially causal components are generally limited to long-term studies using concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), of which few long-term studies exist. Epidemiological study designs that utilize existing monitoring data routinely collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would be valuable additions to the literature, as would novel toxicological studies that incorporate innovative designs to separate components or groups of components, such as denuders, filtration, or other approaches. From a policy perspective, it is important to more comprehensively investigate this issue so that if particular constituents are determined to be more potent in inducing health effects, their sources can be controlled.Implications: Understanding the components of PM 2.5 that are most harmful to human health is a critical policy issue. This review examined the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM components and found that, unlike the literature on short-term health effects, there is insufficient information to make clear inferences about causal components. There is a need for further research in this area to exploit existing PM monitoring data in epidemiological studies and to design experimental studies that are able to tease out the effects of multiple constituents.

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“…Other sources of NO x include soil and lightning. NO 2 has been used as a marker for vehicle emissions and has thereby been associated with adverse human health effects (Brook et al, 2007;Jerrett et al, 2009;Clark et al, 2010;Lenters et al, 2010). In the province of Ontario, Canada, the government guideline exposure limit for NO 2 is 100 ppb averaged over 24 h and 200 ppb averaged over 1 h. Despite the association of NO 2 with adverse health outcomes, and its utility as a marker for traffic and/or combustion pollution, NO 2 monitoring networks remain sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel application of satellite and in-situ measurements to map surface-level NO<sub>2</sub> in the Great Lakes region

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO 2 vertical column density data were used in conjunction with in-situ NO 2 concentrations collected by permanently installed monitoring stations to infer 24 h surface-level NO 2 concentrations at 0.1 • (∼11 km) resolution. The region examined included rural and suburban areas, and the highly industrialised area of Windsor, Ontario, which is situated directly across the US-Canada border from Detroit, MI. Photolytic NO 2 monitors were collocated with standard NO 2 monitors to provide qualitative data regarding NO z interference during the campaign. The accuracy of the OMI-inferred concentrations was tested using two-week integrative NO 2 measurements collected with passive monitors at 18 locations, approximating a 15 km grid across the region, for 7 consecutive two-week periods. When compared with these passive results, satellite-inferred concentrations showed an 18 % positive bias. The correlation of the passive monitor and OMI-inferred concentrations (R = 0.69, n = 115) was stronger than that for the passive monitor concentrations and OMI column densities (R = 0.52), indicating that using a sparse network of monitoring sites to estimate concentrations improves the direct utility of the OMI observations. OMI-inferred concentrations were then calculated for four years to show an overall declining trend in surface NO 2 concentrations in the region. Additionally, by separating OMIinferred surface concentrations by wind direction, clear patterns in emissions and affected down-wind regions, in particular around the US-Canada border, were revealed.

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Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Vascular Damage in Young Adults

Abstract: Air pollution may accelerate arterial-wall stiffening in young adults. Small outcome variability and lack of residential mobility data may have limited the power to detect an effect on intima-media thickness.

Cited by 103 publications

References 39 publications

Association Between Air Pollution and Coronary Artery Calcification Within Six Metropolitan Areas in the USA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution): A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Association Between Air Pollution and Coronary Artery Calcification Within Six Metropolitan Areas in the USA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution): A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Novel application of satellite and in-situ measurements to map surface-level NO<sub>2</sub> in the Great Lakes region

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Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Vascular Damage in Young Adults

Abstract: Air pollution may accelerate arterial-wall stiffening in young adults. Small outcome variability and lack of residential mobility data may have limited the power to detect an effect on intima-media thickness.

Cited by 103 publications

References 39 publications

Association Between Air Pollution and Coronary Artery Calcification Within Six Metropolitan Areas in the USA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution): A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Association Between Air Pollution and Coronary Artery Calcification Within Six Metropolitan Areas in the USA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution): A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Novel application of satellite and in-situ measurements to map surface-level NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the Great Lakes region

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Novel application of satellite and in-situ measurements to map surface-level NO<sub>2</sub> in the Great Lakes region