Long-term fertilization management affects the C utilization from crop residues by the soil micro-food web

Abstract

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Exploring N fertilizer reduction and organic material addition practices: An examination of their alleviating effect on the nematode food web in cropland

“…Another subsample of the soil was air‐dried in a dark condition for the analysis of soil properties. Then soil pH, total carbon and soil total nitrogen were measured using standard methods, and detailed description in Cui et al (2018). A total of 5 g fresh soil was used for NH 4 + ‐N and NO 3 − ‐N extraction with 50 ml 2 M KCL solution (Su et al, 2017).…”

“…Detailed extraction processes were description in our previous studies (Cui et al, 2018; Guan et al, 2018; Kou et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2015). The following PLFAs biomarkers were used: gram‐positive (G + ) PLFAs (i15:1ω6c, i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, i17:1ω9c, i17:0, a17:0), gram‐negative (G − ) PLFAs (16:1ω6c, 16:1ω7c, 16:1ω9c, 17:1ω8c, cy17:0ω7c, 18:1ω6c, 18:1ω7c, cy19:0ω7c), fungal PLFAs (18:2ω6c, 18:1ω9c), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFAs (16:1ω5c), and actinomycete PLFAs (10MeC16:0, 10MeC17:0, 10MeC17:1ω7c, 10MeC18:0, 10MeC18:1ω7c) (Briar et al, 2011; Cui et al 2018; Dempsey et al, 2013; McKinley et al, 2005). Fatty acids were converted into microbial biomass carbon according to de Vries et al (2013) and Guan et al (2018).…”

“…Another subsample of the soil was airdried in a dark condition for the analysis of soil properties. Then soil pH, total carbon and soil total nitrogen were measured using standard methods, and detailed description in Cui et al (2018)…”

“…Soil microorganism composition was characterized using PLFA analysis according to Bossio et al (1998). Detailed extraction processes were description in our previous studies (Cui et al, 2018;Guan et al, 2018;Kou et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2015). The following PLFAs biomarkers were used: gram-positive (G + ) PLFAs (i15:1ω6c, i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, i17:1ω9c, i17:0, a17:0), gram-negative (G − ) PLFAs…”

“…16:1ω6c, 16:1ω7c, 16:1ω9c, 17:1ω8c, cy17:0ω7c, 18:1ω6c, 18:1ω7c, cy19:0ω7c), fungal PLFAs (18:2ω6c, 18:1ω9c), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFAs (16:1ω5c), and actinomycete PLFAs (10MeC16:0, 10MeC17:0, 10MeC17:1ω7c, 10MeC18:0, 10MeC18:1ω7c)(Briar et al, 2011;Cui et al 2018;Dempsey et al, 2013;McKinley et al, 2005). Fatty acids were converted into microbial biomass carbon according to de Vries et al (2013) andGuan et al (2018).…”