Long-term grazing effects on genetic variation in Idaho fescue

Matlaga, David P.; Karoly, Keith

doi:10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0275:lgeogv]2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our study using controlled grazing intensities has eliminated the variability induced by the uncertainties in animal grazing intensity and by spatial heterogeneity in the natural environment. Contrary to our findings, some studies show that grazing has no impact on the genetic diversity of Festuca population (Matlaga and Karoly 2004;Mengli et al 2005), indicating grazing effects on the genetic diversity of plant population may differ among species.…”

Section: Population Of Stipa Species Show Rich Genetic Diversitycontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies on this issue have produced confounding conclusions. Some studies showed that long-term grazing did not reduce the genetic diversity of Festuca population (Matlaga and Karoly 2004;Mengli et al 2005), whereas others found that grazing reduced the genetic diversity of populations of Kobresia pygmaea and Stipa species (Shan et al 2006;Liu et al 2009a). The objective of present study is to elucidate whether the small-scale grazing disturbance affects the genetic diversity of plant populations in the Inner Mongolia grassland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate grazing promotes genetic diversity of Stipa species in the Inner Mongolian steppe

et al. 2015

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Context Disturbances may affect the spatial patterns of plant genetic diversity, but these effects are not yet well understood for lack of direct experimental evidence. Grazing is one of such environmental disturbance factors which may lead to small-scale spatial heterogeneity in natural grasslands. Objectives Our main goal was to determine whether a grazing disturbance alters population genetic diversity and genetic structure of the dominant species in the Inner Mongolia Steppe. Methods We performed inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular marker analysis on populations of Stipa grandis and S. krylovii which were exposed to five consecutive years of varying degrees of grazing disturbance. Results The amplification results showed that the genetic diversity of both S. grandis and S. krylovii populations varied under different grazing intensities; the highest diversity (Nei's index and Shannon's index) were under moderate disturbance, whereas the lowest under the heavy grazing. The coefficient of gene differentiation (G ST ) of S. grandis and S. krylovii populations were 16.82 and 21.00°%, respectively. These results suggest that the genetic diversity of these two dominant populations was altered by the smallscale grazing disturbance, which provides new evidence supporting the theories of landscape genetics. Conclusions The enhancement of moderate grazing on genetic diversity implies the necessity to involve animal grazing in the design of management regimes for biodiversity conservation of the Inner Mongolia steppes.

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Section: Population Of Stipa Species Show Rich Genetic Diversitycontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate grazing promotes genetic diversity of Stipa species in the Inner Mongolian steppe

et al. 2015

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“…Moreover, many previous studies showed that the ungrazed individuals were not significantly genetically differentiated from the grazed individuals based on molecular marker analysis. [ 71 , 72 ]. Therefore, the grazing avoidance mechanism is codetermined by environmental conditions and genetics with the genetic variation most likely to be at an epigenetic level [ 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Effects of Long-Term Grazing and Clipping on Plant Morphological Plasticity: Evidence from a Rhizomatous Grass

Li¹,

Wu²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Understanding the mechanism of plant morphological plasticity in response to grazing and clipping of semiarid grassland can provide insight into the process of disturbance-induced decline in grassland productivity. In recent studies there has been controversy regarding two hypotheses: 1) grazing avoidance; and 2) growth limiting mechanisms of morphological plasticity in response to defoliation. However, the experimental evidence presented for the memory response to grazing and clipping of plants has been poorly reported. This paper reports on two experiments that tested these hypotheses in field and in a controlled environment, respectively. We examined the effects of long-term clipping and grazing on the functional traits and their plasticity for Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev (the dominate species) in the typical-steppe grassland of Inner Mongolia, China. There were four main findings from these experiments. (i) The majority of phenotypic traits of L. chinensis tended to significantly miniaturize in response to long-term field clipping and grazing. (ii) The significant response of morphological plasticity with and without grazing was maintained in a hydroponic experiment designed to remove environmental variability, but there was no significant difference in L. chinensis individual size traits for the clipping comparison. (iii) Plasticity indexes of L. chinensis traits in a controlled environment were significantly lower than under field conditions indicating that plants had partial and slight memory effect to long-term grazing. (iv) The allometry of various phenotypic traits, indicated significant trade-offs between leaf and stem allocation with variations in plant size induced by defoliation, which were maintained only under grazing in the hydroponic controlled environment experiment. Taken together, our findings suggest that the morphological plasticity of L. chinensis induced by artificial clipping was different with that by livestock grazing. The miniaturization of plant size in long-term grazed grassland may reflect retained characteristics of dwarf memory for adaptation to long-term grazing by large herbivores.

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“…Investigations of grazing effects in grazed populations have focused more on morphological, physiological, and reproductive adaptations (e.g., Caldwell et al 1981;Hodgkinson and Williams 1983;Kalkner and Casler 2000), and less on genetic variability and structure of grass populations (Carman and Briske 1985;Tomá s et al 2000;Matlaga and Karoly 2004). Recently, Matlaga and Karoly (2004) found no genetic difference between grazed and protected populations of Festuca idahoensis Elmer using ISSR (intersimple sequence repeat) DNA markers. However, a preliminary RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis with F. campestris, which is a much more grazing-sensitive species (Willms et al 1985), seemed to suggest there were significant changes in gene frequencies due to grazing (W. Willms, unpublished data, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Grazing Effects on Genetic Variability in Mountain Rough Fescue

Thompson

Willms

et al. 2005

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Festuca campestris Rydb. (mountain rough fescue) is a dominant grass species in the montane grasslands of western Canada. Little is known about the genetic diversity of this plant and the effects of long-term grazing on the genetics of populations. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was applied to compare the genetic diversity of fescue plants at adjacent grazed and protected areas for 3 populations spread across a longitudinal range: Stavely in the foothills, Milroy in the Rocky Mountain trench, and Goose Lake on the interior plateau. Five AFLP primer pairs were used to screen the tiller samples of about 39 plants in each grazed (or ungrazed) area, and 139 polymorphic AFLP bands were scored for each individual sample. These scored bands had frequencies ranging from 0.03 to 0.98 with an average of 0.56. About 81% of the total AFLP variation resided within the populations. The Goose Lake population had the lowest level of AFLP variation, but genetically was the most distinct. Four AFLP bands were possibly associated with chromosomal segments significant for grazing resistance. Comparisons of AFLP variation between grazing and nongrazing samples revealed variable and relatively small impacts of the long-term grazing on the genetic diversity of the grazed populations. The AFLP variation of grazed samples was 1.5% lower at Goose Lake, 2.2% higher at Milroy, and not different at Stavely. If developing diverse germplasm for rangeland seedings is desired, one should sample across geographic space rather than combining materials with and without historical grazing pressure. Resumen Festuca campestris Rydb. (''Mountain rough fescue'') es una especie de gramínea dominante de los pastizales montañ osos del oeste de Canadá. Poco se sabe acerca de la diversidad genética de esta planta y los efectos del apacentamiento a largo plazo sobre la genética de las poblaciones. Se aplicó la técnica de polimorfismo de la longitud de los fragmentos amplificados (AFLP) para comparar la diversidad genética de plantas de ''Fescue'' de á reas adyacentes apacentadas y sin apacentar (protegidas) para tres poblaciones distribuidas a lo largo de un gradiente longitudinal: Stavely en el pie de la montañ a, Milroy en la trinchera de las Montañ as Rocallosas y Goose Lake en la meseta interior. Cinco pares de primers AFLP fueron usados para examinar las muestras de hijuelos de aproximadamente 39 plantas de cada á rea, apacentada y sin apacentar y en cada muestra individual 139 bandas polimó rficas AFLP fueron calificadas. Estas bandas calificadas tuvieron frecuencias que variaron de 0.03 a 0.98, con un promedio de 0.56. Aproximadamente 81% de la variació n total de AFLP residió dentro de las poblaciones. La població n de Goose Lake tuvo el menor nivel de variació n de AFLP, pero genéticamente fue la mas distinta. Cuatro bandas AFLP posiblemente estuvieron asociadas con segmentos cromosó micos significativos para la resistencia al apacentamiento. Comparaciones de la variació n de AFLP entre muestras apacentadas y no apacentad...

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Long-term grazing effects on genetic variation in Idaho fescue

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Moderate grazing promotes genetic diversity of Stipa species in the Inner Mongolian steppe

Moderate grazing promotes genetic diversity of Stipa species in the Inner Mongolian steppe

Contrasting Effects of Long-Term Grazing and Clipping on Plant Morphological Plasticity: Evidence from a Rhizomatous Grass

Long-Term Grazing Effects on Genetic Variability in Mountain Rough Fescue

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