Long-Term Monitoring of Field Trial Sites with Genetically Modified Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Fifteen Years Persistence to Date but No Spatial Dispersion

Belter, Anke

doi:10.3390/genes7010003

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Oilseed rape (Brassica napus AACC) is an annual allotetraploid species (2n = 38, genome constitution AACC), which has probably evolved through hybridisation and polyploidisation between the two diploid species Brassica rapa (2n = 20, AA) and Brassica oleracea (2n = 18, CC). Oilseed rape seeds have the ability to survive in soils for more than 10 years (Hails et al, 1997;Begg et al, 2006;Lutman et al, 2004;Lutman et al, 2005;Lutman et al, 2008;Mess ean et al, 2007;D'Hertefeldt et al, 2008;Gruber et al, 2008;Beckie and Warwick, 2010;Peltonen-Sainio et al, 2014;Belter, 2016) and demographic studies and surveys have shown the ability of oilseed rape (B. napus) seed to establish self-perpetuating populations outside agricultural areas, mainly in semi-natural and ruderal habitats in different countries (e.g. Crawley et al, 1993;Pascher et al, 2010Pascher et al, , 2017Devos et al, 2012;Bauer-Panskus et al, 2013;Hecht et al, 2014;Schulze et al, 2014;Katsuta et al, 2015;Bailleul et al, 2016;Busi and Powles, 2016;Franzaring et al, 2016;Nishizawa et al, 2016).…”

Section: Persistence and Invasiveness Of The Gm Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape 73496 for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2012‐109)

Naegeli¹,

Bresson²,

Dalmay³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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Oilseed rape 73496 was developed to confer tolerance to the herbicidal active substance glyphosate through the expression of the glyphosate acetyltransferase protein GAT4621. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatic analyses identify no issues requiring food/feed safety assessment. None of the identified differences between oilseed rape 73496 and its conventional counterpart in the agronomic/phenotypic endpoints tested needs further assessment. Differences identified in seed composition of oilseed rape 73496 as compared to its conventional counterpart raise no safety and nutritional concerns in the context of the scope of this application. No safety concerns are identified regarding toxicity and allergenicity of the GAT4621 protein as expressed in oilseed rape 73496. No evidence is found that the genetic modification would change the overall allergenicity of oilseed rape 73496. Based on the outcome of the comparative and nutritional assessments, the consumption of oilseed rape 73496 does not represent any nutritional concern, in the context of the scope of this application. The implementation of a post-market monitoring plan is recommended to confirm the predicted consumption data and to verify that the conditions of use are those considered during the pre-market risk assessment. In the case of accidental release of viable oilseed rape 73496 seeds into the environment, oilseed rape 73496 would not raise environmental safety concerns. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of oilseed rape 73496. The GMO Panel concludes that oilseed rape 73496, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and the non-genetically modified oilseed rape reference varieties tested with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment.

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Section: Persistence and Invasiveness Of The Gm Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape 73496 for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2012‐109)

Naegeli¹,

Bresson²,

Dalmay³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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“…Even though spread of GM plants is often hypothesized to occur through cross-pollination with compatible non-GM crop plants or wild species, the literature search reported only a limited number of cases demonstrating transfer of transgenic pollen, e.g., for maize in South Africa (Viljoen and Chetty, 2011) or oilseed rape in Japan (Tsuda et al., 2012). In summary, even though it is possible that imported GM seed material can be inadvertently introduced to the EU environment and, in some cases, depending on species fitness, can establish persisting plant populations, e.g., oilseed rape, the available evidence suggests that probability of gene transfer from persisting population to crop plants via hybridization is very low (Belter, 2016; Devos et al., 2012).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically modified seeds and plant propagating material in Europe: potential routes of entrance and current status

Rostoks

Grantina-Ievina

Ievina³

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Genetically modified organisms (GMO), mainly crop plants, are increasingly grown worldwide leading to large trade volumes of living seeds and other plant material both for cultivation and for food and animal feed. Even though all the traded GMOs have been assessed for their safety with regards to human and animal health and the environment, there still are some concerns regarding the potential uncontrolled release in the environment of authorized or unauthorized GM plants. In this review, we identify the possible entrance routes of GM seeds and other propagating plant material in the EU which could be linked to unauthorized release of GMOs in the environment. In addition, we discuss the situation with GM plant cultivation in some non-EU countries in terms of potential risks for GM seed imports. The available body of information suggests that GM seeds and plant propagating material can enter the EU due to problems with labeling/traceability of GM seed lots, contamination of conventional seed lots and accidental release into the environment of grains imported for food and animal feed. Even though cases of uncontrolled release of authorized GMOs, as well as, release of unauthorized GMOs have been reported, they can be generally attributed to adventitious and technically unavoidable presence with little environmental impact. In conclusion, the probability of GM seeds and plant propagating material illegally entering the cultivation in EU is unlikely. However, specific monitoring programs need to be established and maintained to facilitate the compliance of European farmers with the current GMO legislation.

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“…Oilseed rape readily produces volunteers and feral plants, due to its high seed production, high seed losses during harvest and transport, and its secondary dormancy [97]. HR oilseed rape plants have been found up to 15 years after experimental releases, despite regular control of the fields for volunteers [98, 99]. The recently reported incidence of oilseed rape seed contamination by the non-approved OXY-235 variety (resistant to oxynil herbicides) in the EU might be traced back to field trials in France in the nineties [100], indicating that volunteers may emerge even after almost 20 years.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

et al. 2017

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Farmland biodiversity is an important characteristic when assessing sustainability of agricultural practices and is of major international concern. Scientific data indicate that agricultural intensification and pesticide use are among the main drivers of biodiversity loss. The analysed data and experiences do not support statements that herbicide-resistant crops provide consistently better yields than conventional crops or reduce herbicide amounts. They rather show that the adoption of herbicide-resistant crops impacts agronomy, agricultural practice, and weed management and contributes to biodiversity loss in several ways: (i) many studies show that glyphosate-based herbicides, which were commonly regarded as less harmful, are toxic to a range of aquatic organisms and adversely affect the soil and intestinal microflora and plant disease resistance; the increased use of 2,4-D or dicamba, linked to new herbicide-resistant crops, causes special concerns. (ii) The adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has reduced crop rotation and favoured weed management that is solely based on the use of herbicides. (iii) Continuous herbicide resistance cropping and the intensive use of glyphosate over the last 20 years have led to the appearance of at least 34 glyphosate-resistant weed species worldwide. Although recommended for many years, farmers did not counter resistance development in weeds by integrated weed management, but continued to rely on herbicides as sole measure. Despite occurrence of widespread resistance in weeds to other herbicides, industry rather develops transgenic crops with additional herbicide resistance genes. (iv) Agricultural management based on broad-spectrum herbicides as in herbicide-resistant crops further decreases diversity and abundance of wild plants and impacts arthropod fauna and other farmland animals. Taken together, adverse impacts of herbicide-resistant crops on biodiversity, when widely adopted, should be expected and are indeed very hard to avoid. For that reason, and in order to comply with international agreements to protect and enhance biodiversity, agriculture needs to focus on practices that are more environmentally friendly, including an overall reduction in pesticide use. (Pesticides are used for agricultural as well non-agricultural purposes. Most commonly they are used as plant protection products and regarded as a synonym for it and so also in this text.)Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12302-016-0100-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Long-Term Monitoring of Field Trial Sites with Genetically Modified Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Fifteen Years Persistence to Date but No Spatial Dispersion

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape 73496 for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2012‐109)

Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape 73496 for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2012‐109)

Genetically modified seeds and plant propagating material in Europe: potential routes of entrance and current status

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

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