Long-Term Physiological and Agronomic Responses of Citrus Irrigated With Saline Reclaimed Water

Nicolás, Emilio Nicolás; Trigueros, Cristina Romero; Tortosa, Pedro Antonio Nortes; Salcedo, Francisco Pedrero; Gambín, José María Bayona; Valero, José Francisco Maestre; Cabañero, Juan José Alarcón

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813164-0.00007-7

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, the Citrus macrophylla (grapefruit) rootstock lacked Cl − and Na + under salinity conditions, in accordance with [60] and with the salt tolerance rankings of the rootstocks reported by other authors [61,62]. Low Na + and Cl − levels in the grapefruit trees irrigated with saline RW as compared to the control did not affect the vegetative growth (similar canopy volumes in all trees as were described in [42] and [63]) or yield [7], suggesting that this crop is a salt-stress-tolerant citrus [64].…”

Section: Water Relations Of the Grapefruit And Mandarin Crops Under Saline And Water Stressessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In this case, this was not due to water restrictions but to the soil salt accumulation from the RW source, which caused an osmotic effect in the root zone, hindering the absorption of water by the trees [55]; however, unlike TW-nI, this Ψ soil drop caused cavitation of conductive elements of the canopy and the subsequent loss of the K canopy , in line with [56], which was the main cause of the decrease in g s and was linked to Cl − and Na + toxicity. The g s reduction largely prevented Ψ l and Ψ π, from being affected, according to other studies on citrus plants [7], allowing the leaf turgor to be maintained at similar levels to the control trees. The fact that Ψ l did not decline measurably with g s showed that stomata responded quickly and sensitively enough to hydraulic signals to achieve near-homeostasis in Ψ l [34].…”

Section: Water Relations Of the Grapefruit And Mandarin Crops Under Saline And Water Stressesmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…This was justified because the canopy volume of RW-nI was less than that of TW-nI. The mboxemphCarrizo citrange (mandarin) rootstock was a less effective Cl − and Na + excluder under salinity conditions [60]; that is, mandarin trees did not develop a strategy for the removal of saline ions from the RW source as grapefruit trees did, but instead opted for an osmotic strategy involving the accumulation of leaf Na + and Cl − , affecting vegetative growth and yield [7]. Further, the RW-nI trees underwent acclimatization to salinity by reducing the drop in the water potential over several vegetative cycles for the same experimental plot, as reported in [68].…”

Section: Water Relations Of the Grapefruit And Mandarin Crops Under Saline And Water Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the advantages of the agronomic use of RW is the availability of macronutrients (N, P, K) as fertilizer, although there is a risk that these nutrients, for instance NO 3 , could be lost in the ecosystem through leaching [4]. The use of RW may, nevertheless, have risks for agriculture, since it could be highly saline; thus, inappropriate management of irrigation with RW can exacerbate problems of secondary salinization and soil degradation over the medium to long term, resulting in negative impacts on plant physiology, growth, and other factors [5][6][7]. Studies have shown that citrus plants in general are strongly affected by both drought and salinity, since Cland Na + can be phytotoxic [5,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isohydricity of Two Different Citrus Species under Deficit Irrigation and Reclaimed Water Conditions

Trigueros

Gambín

Tortosa

et al. 2021

Plants

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Citrus species are frequently subjected to water and saline stresses worldwide. We evaluated the effects of diurnal changes in the evaporative demands and soil water contents on the plant physiology of grapefruit and mandarin crops under saline reclaimed (RW) and transfer (TW) water conditions, combined with two irrigation strategies, fully irrigated (fI) and non-irrigated (nI). The physiological responses were different depending on the species. Grapefruit showed an isohydric pattern, which restricted the use of the leaf water potential (Ψl) as a plant water status indicator. Its water status was affected by salinity (RW) and water stress (nI), mainly as the combination of both stresses (RW-nI); however, mandarin turned out to be relatively more tolerant to salinity and more sensitive to water stress, mainly because of its low hydraulic conductance (K) levels, showing a critical drop in Ψl that led to severe losses of root–stem (Kroot–stem) and canopy (Kcanopy) hydraulic conductance in TW-nI. This behavior was not observed in RW-nI because a reduction in canopy volume as an adaptive characteristic was observed; thus, mandarin exhibited more anisohydric behavior compared to grapefruit, but isohydrodynamic since its hydrodynamic water potential gradient from roots to shoots (ΔΨplant) was relatively constant across variations in stomatal conductance (gs) and soil water potential. The gs was considered a good plant water status indicator for irrigation scheduling purposes in both species, and its responses to diurnal VPD rise and soil drought were strongly correlated with Kroot–stem. ABA did not show any effect on stomatal regulation, highlighting the fundamental role of plant hydraulics in driving stomatal closure.

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Section: Water Relations Of the Grapefruit And Mandarin Crops Under Saline And Water Stressessupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Water Relations Of the Grapefruit And Mandarin Crops Under Saline And Water Stressesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Water Relations Of the Grapefruit And Mandarin Crops Under Saline And Water Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Isohydricity of Two Different Citrus Species under Deficit Irrigation and Reclaimed Water Conditions

Trigueros

Gambín

Tortosa

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…In the Murcia region, long‐term studies have been carried out on the effects of the use of RW in citrus (mandarin and grapefruit), demonstrating that irrigation with this natural saline composition can cause problems of salinity and B accumulation in plants and soil in the long term, affecting plant physiological performance and tree growth . For instance, Grattan et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium‐long term effects of saline reclaimed water and regulated deficit irrigation on fruit quality of citrus

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND: Non-conventional water sources and water-saving techniques can be valuable in semi-arid regions, although their long-term effects on citrus quality are little known. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation with two sources, transfer water (TW) and reclaimed water (RW), combined with two irrigation strategies, full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), on fruit quality of mandarins and grapefruits during eight growth seasons. RESULTS: Reclaimed water irrigation in mandarin, without water restriction, influenced maturity index (MI) less than TW-FI, because titratable acidity (TA) increased to a greater degree than soluble solid contents (SSC).Nevertheless, juice quality standards were satisfied. Regardless of the irrigation treatment (FI or RDI), a trend towards increasing fruit weight was also detected with RW. In grapefruit, its rootstock (Citrus macrophylla) enhanced salinity resilience with respect to the rootstock of mandarin ('Carrizo' citrange) and, hence, MI was not affected by RW. The RDI strategy, without saline stress (TW-RDI), increased, to a similar degree, both SSC and TA in mandarin fruit, not affecting the MI. In grapefruit, the water stress of RDI did improve the MI due to the TA did not change and SSC increased significantly, the TA did not change. The combination of both strategies, RW-RDI, decreased the MI only in some years because TA increased proportionally more than SSC in mandarin. CONCLUSIONS:The medium-and long-term feasibility of using RW and RDI to irrigate citrus was demonstrated. However, they must be performed cautiously and with appropriate management to avoid damaging fruit quality as a result of phytotoxic elements. Grapefruit response to irrigation with RW and RDIUnlike grapefruit, the weight of RW (FI) treatment fruit did not increase during the long-term period because their yield was not affected by RW.

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Managing Saline Irrigation in Horticultural Crops

Minhas,

Qadir

2024

Irrigation Sustainability With Saline and Alkali Waters

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Long-Term Physiological and Agronomic Responses of Citrus Irrigated With Saline Reclaimed Water

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Isohydricity of Two Different Citrus Species under Deficit Irrigation and Reclaimed Water Conditions

Isohydricity of Two Different Citrus Species under Deficit Irrigation and Reclaimed Water Conditions

Medium‐long term effects of saline reclaimed water and regulated deficit irrigation on fruit quality of citrus

Managing Saline Irrigation in Horticultural Crops

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