Long‐term quantification of the release of monomers from dental resin composites and a resin‐modified glass ionomer cement

Abstract

This study quantified the release of monomers from polymerized specimens of four commercially available resin composites and one glass ionomer cement immersed in water:ethanol solutions. Individual standard curves were prepared from five monomers: (1) triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), (2) 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), (3) urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), (4) bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BISGMA), and (5) bisphenol A. The concentration of the monomers was determined at Days 1, 7, 30, and 90 with the use of electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Data were expressed in mean micromol per mm(2) surface area of specimen and analyzed with Scheffe's test (p<0.05). The following monomers were found in water: monomers (1) and (2) from Delton sealant, monomer (5) from ScotchBond Multipurpose Adhesive and Delton sealant, monomer (3) from Definite and monomer (4) from Fuji II LC, ScotchBond Multipurpose Adhesive, Synergy and Definite. All these monomers increased in concentration over time, with the exception of monomer (1) from Delton sealant. Monomers (3) and (5) were found in extracts of materials despite their absence from the manufacturer's published composition. All monomers were released in significantly higher concentrations in water:ethanol solutions than in water. The greatest release of monomers occurred in the first day. The effect of the measured concentrations of monomers (1-5) on human genes, cells, or tissues needs to be considered with the use of a biological model.

Quantification of organic eluates from polymerized resin-based dental restorative materials by use of GC/MS

“…Very few reports have applied internal standards (I.S.) in the quantification procedure [2,21,27,32]. In two studies caffeine was used as I.S.…”

“…It is known that some of the ingredients in the resin-based materials have cytotoxic [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], genotoxic [12,13] or allergenic effects [15][16][17][18] and/or exhibit estrogenic activity in vitro [19,20]. By use of chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, monomers and additives have been identified in aqueous and alcohol extracts of polymerized dental fillings [1][2][3][4][5][6]21]. In most studies, a limited number of compounds (mainly monomers) are quantified, few materials are investigated, and the results are sometimes contradictory.…”

Elution of monomer from different bulk fill dental composite resins

“…Of the qualitative and quantitative methods of analyzing unreacted monomers and degradation products, which include gas chromatography [26], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [6], gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [27], and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry [28], HPLC is the technique used most often.…”

Surface properties of dental polymers: measurements of contact angles, roughness and fluoride release

“…These polymers, mainly BIS-GMA 6 , exhibit several particular characteristics such as the release of residual monomers, microporosity and cracking, etc [7][8][9] . All these characteristics seem to be related to surface finishing treatments, particularly those carried out in dental clinics [10][11][12] .…”