Long-Term Xylitol Consumption and Mutans Streptococci in Plaque and Saliva

Söderling, Eva; Isokangas, Pauli; Tenovuo, Jorma; Mustakallio, S; Mäkinen, Kauko K.

doi:10.1159/000261359

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Loesche et al (1984) previously found that children given 5 g xylitol/day for 4 wks had reduced saliva and plaque S. mutans levels compared with baseline. Other longterm clinical studies did not find reductions in plaque S. mutans (Makinen et al, , 1996Söderling et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum

et al. 2006

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Xylitol is promoted in caries-preventive strategies, yet its effective dose range is unclear. This study determined the dose-response of mutans streptococci in plaque and unstimulated saliva to xylitol gum. Participants (n = 132) were randomized: controls (G1) (sorbitol/maltitol), or combinations giving xylitol 3.44 g/day (G2), 6.88 g/day (G3), or 10.32 g/day (G4). Groups chewed 3 pellets/4 times/d. Samples were taken at baseline, 5 wks, and 6 mos, and were cultured on modified Mitis Salivarius agar for mutans streptococci and on blood agar for total culturable flora. At 5 wks, mutans streptococci levels in plaque were 10x lower than baseline in G3 and G4 (P = 0.007/0.003). There were no differences in saliva. At 6 mos, mutans streptococci in plaque for G3 and G4 remained 10x lower than baseline (P = 0.007/0.04). Saliva for G3 and G4 was lower than baseline by 8 to 9x (P = 0.011/0.038). Xylitol at 6.44 g/day and 10.32 g/day reduces mutans streptococci in plaque at 5 wks, and in plaque and unstimulated saliva at 6 mos. A plateau effect is suggested between 6.44 g and 10.32 g xylitol/day.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum

et al. 2006

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“…2,4 Other evidence has shown that xylitol leads to a reduction in the quantity of plaque, possibly by interfering with mechanisms of adhesion between plaque organisms and the tooth's surface. [65][66][67][68] This is the most likely explanation for the reduced colonisation of mutans streptococci in the mouths of these children.…”

Section: Specific Caries-preventive Actions Of Xylitolmentioning

confidence: 95%

Xylitol and caries prevention — is it a magic bullet?

2003

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“…Habitual long-term xylitol consumption appears to select for natural mutant cells of MS which are 'xylitol-resistant' [Trahan and Mouton, 1987]. Xylitol-resistant mutants appear to shed more easily into saliva from plaque than do xylitol-sensitive parental strains [Söderling et al, 1991;Trahan et al, 1992]. We have reported earlier that habitual xylitol consumption by mothers was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the probability of mother-child transmission of MS assessed at 2 years of age.…”

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confidence: 90%

Influence of Maternal Xylitol Consumption on Mother–Child Transmission of Mutans Streptococci: 6–Year Follow–Up

Söderling¹,

Isokangas²,

Pienihäkkinen³

et al. 2001

Caries Res

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112

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Xylitol is effective as a noncariogenic or even cariostatic sugar substitute. Habitual xylitol consumption appears to select for mutans streptococci (MS) which shed easily into saliva from plaque. We have earlier shown that habitual xylitol consumption of mothers was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the probability of mother–child transmission of MS assessed at 2 years of age. The aim of the present study was to assess the children’s MS counts 1 and 4 years after the maternal xylitol consumption had been discontinued. At baseline, during pregnancy, all mothers (n = 195) showed high salivary levels of MS. The mothers were randomly assigned to xylitol, fluoride (F) and chlorhexidine (CHX) groups. In the xylitol group, the mothers chewed xylitol–sweetened gum, for 21 months, starting 3 months after delivery. In the two control groups, the mothers received CHX or F varnish treatments at 6, 12 and 18 months after delivery. At the 2–year examination, 169 mother–child pairs participated. At the 3–year and 6–year examinations, there were 159 and 147 children in the study, respectively. For children’s MS analyses, visible plaque was collected using toothpicks at the age of 3 and paraffin–stimulated saliva at the age of 6. The persons involved in the collection and analysis of the microbiological samples were blinded as to the study design and group. Both the plaque and salivary MS were cultured on Mitis salivarius agars containing bacitracin. In all groups, the colonization percentages increased during the follow–up. At the 3–year examination, the children’s risk of having MS colonization was 2.3–fold in the F group (95% CI 1.3–4.2) compared to the xylitol group. This difference was statistically significant. Even at 6 years of age, the salivary MS levels were significantly lower in the xylitol group than in the other groups (ANOVA, p<0.001). In conclusion, the earlier demonstrated, xylitol–associated reduction in the probability of mother–child transmission of MS was still found in the children’s MS counts at the age of 3 and 6 years.

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Long-Term Xylitol Consumption and Mutans Streptococci in Plaque and Saliva

Cited by 60 publications

References 10 publications

Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum

Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum

Xylitol and caries prevention — is it a magic bullet?

Influence of Maternal Xylitol Consumption on Mother–Child Transmission of Mutans Streptococci: 6–Year Follow–Up

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