Longitudinal assessment of salivary vitamin D binding protein during orthodontic tooth movement

Abstract

Background Vitamin D is critical for bone physiology. In this study, we quantified Vitamin D Binding Protein (VitDBP) levels in saliva as a measure of Vitamin D during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods In this longitudinal study, saliva samples were collected from 73 orthodontic patients for 4 timepoints for the first six months of orthodontic treatment, along with dental casts at the beginning and the end of the study period. The saliva was measured for VitDBP as a biological marker for bone apposition and clinical tooth movement. We used the absolute change in Little's Irregularity Index as a quantitative measure for alignment. In addition, we measured the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in saliva as a marker of bone turnover. Results Both low (< 2.75 ng/ml) and high (> 6.48 ng/ml) VitDBP levels were associated with reduced tooth movement. Significant (p < 0.05) seasonal changes in VitDBP using a two-season year model were found with lower levels observed in the summer (Apr–Sept) than in the winter (Oct–Mar). Conclusions Clinically significant orthodontic tooth movement is associated with an optimal range of VitDBP in saliva. Normal levels of VitDBP correlated with more orthodontic tooth movement, suggesting a "normal" range of salivary content of VitDBP. Given the strong trend that is independent of the confounding factors (ex. age, race or gender), the predictive value or salivary VitDBP for tooth movement should be studied in larger cohorts in future studies.

Role of vitamin D for orthodontic tooth movement, external apical root resorption, and bone biomarker expression and remodeling: A systematic review

“…Consequently, we included 19 studies [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] as reported by the 2020 PRISMA flow diagram (Figure 1).…”

“…Out of the 19 included studies, 9 (47.4%) were conducted on animal models, 24,25,[27][28][29][30]32,38,40 and 10 (52.6%) on humans (2 [10.5%] retrospective studies, 37,39 5 [26.3%] prospective studies, 22,23,26,31,33 1 [5.3%] cross-sectional study, 34 and 2 [10.5%] randomized controlled trials 35,36 ).…”

“…Eleven studies (57.9%) were performed in Asia 22,25,[28][29][30]32,[34][35][36][37]40 : 2 from Iraq, 22,36 2 from Saudi Arabia, 29,30 3 from Iran, 34,37,40 2 from Japan, 28,32 1 from China, 25 and 1 from India. 35 Four studies (21.1%) were performed in the Americas: 2 from the USA, 23,33 1 from Canada, 38 and 1 from Brazil. 26 Four studies (21.1%) were performed in Europe 23,27,31,39 : 1 from France, 23 1 from Germany, 39 1 from Turkey, 27 and 1 from Poland.…”

“…In the same year, Tashkandi et al 33 demonstrated that low (< 2.75 ng/mL) and high (> 6.48 ng/mL) levels of vitamin D binding protein were associated with a reduction of tooth movement in 73 orthodontic patients. The study confirmed that optimal vitamin D binding protein saliva levels could only be associated with an adequate rate of orthodontic tooth movement.…”

A narrative review of the effects of vitamin D3 on orthodontic tooth movement: Focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms

“…Furthermore, the study highlighted the potential of salivary VitDBP as a measure of vitamin D3 metabolism, independent of age, race, and gender. The findings suggested the need for further research in larger cohorts to establish the predictive value of salivary VitDBP for tooth movement and to determine the impact of seasonal effects on VitDBP levels (Tashkandi et al., 2021 ).…”