Longitudinal COVID-19 Surveillance and Characterization in the Workplace with Public Health and Diagnostic Endpoints

Gunawardana, Manjula; Breslin, Jessica; Cortez, John; Rivera, Sofía; Webster, S. G.; Ibarrondo, F. Javier; Yang, Otto O.; Pyles, Richard B.; Ramirez, Christina M.; Adler, Amy P.; Anton, Peter A.; Baum, Marc M.

doi:10.1128/msphere.00542-21

Cited by 7 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The workplace SARS-CoV-2 surveillance clinical study was initiated by the Oak Crest Institute of Science (Oak Crest, https://www.oak-crest.org/ ), a small nonprofit academic science research organization located in Monrovia, CA, on 23 March, 2020, has been running without interruptions and is ongoing at the time of writing. The study design has been described in detail elsewhere 18 . Briefly, all Oak Crest employees, students, and volunteers were asked to participate in the prospective, longitudinal, observational study designed to last 12 weeks, or longer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples (nasal, stool, saliva) were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy numbers by reverse transcription (RT) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) using primer sequences targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein ( N ) gene transcript fragments (N1 and N2) and one human RNase P (RP) gene transcript fragment ( RP ). Complete methods have been reported elsewhere 18 . Test results typically were available at 1 PM on the same day as when they were collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and immune responses in unvaccinated participants of an intensely sampled longitudinal surveillance study

et al. 2022

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Background A comprehensive understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics and the ensuing host immune responses is needed to explain the pathogenesis as it relates to viral transmission. Knowledge gaps exist surrounding SARS-CoV-2 in vivo kinetics, particularly in the earliest stages after exposure. Methods An ongoing, workplace clinical surveillance study was used to intensely sample a small cohort longitudinally. Nine study participants who developed COVID-19 between November, 2020 and March, 2021 were monitored at high temporal resolution for three months in terms of viral loads as well as associated inflammatory biomarker and antibody responses. CD8 + T cells targeting SARS-CoV-2 in blood samples from study participants were evaluated. Results Here we show that the resulting datasets, supported by Bayesian modeling, allowed the underlying kinetic processes to be described, yielding a number of unexpected findings. Early viral replication is rapid (median doubling time, 3.1 h), providing a narrow window between exposure and viral shedding, while the clearance phase is slow and heterogeneous. Host immune responses different widely across participants. Conclusions Results from our small study give a rare insight into the life-cycle of COVID-19 infection and hold a number of important biological, clinical, and public health implications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and immune responses in unvaccinated participants of an intensely sampled longitudinal surveillance study

et al. 2022

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“…The studies yielded from North America, Asia, and Europe. Fifteen studies were performed in the United States (USA) [28,36,38,41,45,49,51,52,55,69,72,[78][79][80][81]. Other included studies were performed in India [32], France [72], Canada [29,63], Italy [22,42,44,57,60,62,74], the United King-dom (UK) [35,40,50,53,58,65,75,76], Belgium [21,39], Korea [30,31,54,56], Taiwan [73], Germany [33,37,59,67,68,71] China [48], Finland [25], Spain [26], Japan…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of single IPC measures implemented, COVID-19 surveillance was identified most often in the literature (k = 17), particularly asymptomatic RT-PCR testing of employees [28,30,35,[38][39][40]49,57,63,65,74]. Asymptomatic testing was carried out in a number of ways: universally [30,35,[38][39][40]49,57,63,65,74], on a voluntary basis [37], following an outbreak [21,36], according to environmental surface testing [24] or contact tracing [35,40], and during point prevalence surveys in hospitals and nursing homes [36,69].…”

Section: Surveillance Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Prevention and Control Measures in Workplace Settings: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis

Ingram

Downey

Roe

et al. 2021

IJERPH

104

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Workplaces can be high-risk environments for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent community transmission. Identifying, understanding, and implementing effective workplace SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is critical to protect workers, their families, and communities. A rapid review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize evidence assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures implemented in global workplace settings through April 2021. Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies that quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of workplace COVID-19 IPC measures. The included studies comprised varying empirical designs and occupational settings. Measures of interest included surveillance measures, outbreak investigations, environmental adjustments, personal protective equipment (PPE), changes in work arrangements, and worker education. Sixty-one studies from healthcare, nursing home, meatpacking, manufacturing, and office settings were included, accounting for ~280,000 employees based in Europe, Asia, and North America. Meta-analyses showed that combined IPC measures resulted in lower employee COVID-19 positivity rates (0.2% positivity; 95% CI 0–0.4%) than single measures such as asymptomatic PCR testing (1.7%; 95% CI 0.9–2.9%) and universal masking (24%; 95% CI 3.4–55.5%). Modelling studies showed that combinations of (i) timely and widespread contact tracing and case isolation, (ii) facilitating smaller worker cohorts, and (iii) effective use of PPE can reduce workplace transmission. Comprehensive COVID-19 IPC measures incorporating swift contact tracing and case isolation, PPE, and facility zoning can effectively prevent workplace outbreaks. Masking alone should not be considered sufficient protection from SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in the workplace.

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“…Consequently, many mathematical models have been developed specifically to investigate several aspects of transmission mechanisms and control strategies for COVID-19 in organizations [10,11,12,13,14]. In addition, several quantitative studies have also been carried out to gain insight on the outcomes of strategies proposed for different organization types [15,16,17,18]. Most of these studies focused on implementing strategies for organizations like hospitals, health care facilities, nursing homes, offices, and schools.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Workplace Occupancy Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Davoodi¹,

Senapati²,

Schlechte-Wełnicz³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Longitudinal COVID-19 Surveillance and Characterization in the Workplace with Public Health and Diagnostic Endpoints

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Early SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and immune responses in unvaccinated participants of an intensely sampled longitudinal surveillance study

Early SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and immune responses in unvaccinated participants of an intensely sampled longitudinal surveillance study

COVID-19 Prevention and Control Measures in Workplace Settings: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis

Optimal Workplace Occupancy Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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