Longitudinal intrusion pattern of salinity in Shatt Al Arab estuary and reasons

Al-Taei, Samer Adnan; Abdulla, Sara; Lafta, Ali Abdulridha

doi:10.4197/mar.25-2.10

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…One of the main finding of this study is the high level of salinity in the Shatt al-Arab river compared to previous years, due to the salinity intrusion caused by the reduction in water discharge to the river at the beginning of 2018, beside the diversion of the Karun River across Iranian territory, which was an important source of fresh water entering the Shatt Al-Arab, has reduced the ability of the river to act as natural barrier to the intrusion of the salt wedge from the Arabian Gulf. [37] mentioned that the Shatt Al-Arab river exposed to the salinity intrusion from the Arabian Gulf by molecular diffusion, where the salinity intermission the distance about 100km for a period between three to four months, this condition is due to the decreasing of the water discharge from the upstream of the river. [38] stated that for rivers that flow directly into the sea, lower freshwater inflow results in saltwater intrusion that may extend several kilometres upstream into non-tidal reaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Saltwater Intrusion on the Fish Assemblage in the Middle Part of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

Mohamed

Hameed²

2019

AJAS

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In 2018, a serious changes in the salinity of the Shatt Al-Arab river, as salinity intrusion progressed further to upper reaches of the river due to sharply decline in river flow. Therefore, the fish assemblage structure in the middle of the river, fromÂ Sindbad and Abu Al-Khasibs was assessed during the period from January to December 2018. Fish were sampled by gill nets, cast net and electro-fishing from both sites. Salinity fluctuated from 2.0â€° (January) in both sites to 16.2 and 25.0% during August in both sites, respectively. 35 and 44 fish species were collected from both sites, respectively, these included 18 marine species in first site and 28 marine species in second site. Poecilia latipinna, Tenualosa ilisha and Oreochromis aureus were the dominant species in first site, whereas O. aureus, Carassius auratus and P. latipinna in second site. The index of species richness, diversity and evenness each showed a consistent seasonal pattern in both sites. The highest value of Bray-Curtis similarity index of fish species between both sites was noted during the period of low salinity. Findings indicate that the salinity values and the percentages of marine and occasional species were considerably higher than that documented in the previous studies on this part of the Â river.Â

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Saltwater Intrusion on the Fish Assemblage in the Middle Part of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

Mohamed

Hameed²

2019

AJAS

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“…The decrease in tidal range towards inland direction can be attributed to the tidal wave attenuation when propagating farther towards the upper reaches of the estuary due to several reasons such as bottom friction effects, irregular estuary shape, and freshwater discharge. However, the high tidal range at Shatt Al-Arab estuary making it a highly dynamic system characterized by strong tidal currents reach to about 1 m/sec [3], which conserves the continuous exchange of water with the Arabian Gulf. The bathymetric measurements revealed that there is a variation in the depths along the estuary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water circulation in estuaries is governed by the interaction between two major forces, freshwater inflow, and the oceanic tide, and consequently, the stability of estuaries depends on the balance between these two forces [2,3]. The estuarine waters are used for many purposes including, drinking, agriculture, and industrial and any deterioration can affect these activities as well as the estuarine ecosystem [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of tidal excursion length along the Shatt Al-Arab estuary, Southern Iraq

Lafta

2021

Vietnam J. Sci. Technol.

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The tidal excursion length along the Shatt Al-Arab estuary was estimated based on the mathematical relation proposed by Parsa and Shahidi (2010). The field measurements of water level, bathymetry, and discharges were conducted to fulfill the objective of the study. The results revealed that the tidal excursion length is site-specific and depends on the characteristics of location which include tidal phases, bathymetry, and geometry. However, the results indicated that there are pronounced differences in tidal excursions lengths between the spring and neap tide phases in all studies stations. The spring tide coincided with the maximum tidal excursion lengths in Shatt Al-Arab estuary with 16.537, 16.187, 11.122, and 9.139 km in the estuary mouth, Faw, Siba, and Abo Flous stations respectively. While the neap tidal excursion lengths were 12.298, 9.254, and 7.269 km in Faw, Siba, and Abo Flous stations respectively.

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“…The river is regarded as a navigation corridor for shipping, oil transportation, and fishing, in addition to being used by people for various of activities that use its water (1). On both river banks, several ports primarily base their operations on tidal conditions (2,3). With a mixed fauna of low endemicity and catfishes that are representatives of both European and southern Asian species, the Shatt Al-Arab in the Mesopotamian Tigris-Euphrates basin raises doubts about the evolutionary distinctness of this group of species for the area (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of some toxic metals in parts from catfish (Silurus triostegus) in Shatt Al-Arab river

Ouda¹,

Kadhim²,

Amer³

2023

IJVS

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According to their toxicity, toxic heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead are believed to be the most harmful to humans, fish, and the environment. Because their levels are rising due to human activities endangering aquatic species and people, the current study sought to ascertain the level of toxic heavy metals in five catfish parts (skin, liver, muscles, gills, and ovaries). In the northern part of the Shatt Al-Arab, catfish samples were collected in March 2022. ICP-MS was used to detect target metal levels. According to the results, arsenic accumulated in the skin and muscles at a rate of 0.22 and 0.21ppm, respectively. In contrast, the levels of arsenic in the various body parts are not statistically different. Additionally, cadmium showed no noticeable variances in the studied body parts. Furthermore, the liver had the most significant copper accumulation 18.72ppm. Furthermore, mercury accumulation in various body parts was shown to vary statistically, with the highest levels in muscles 0.66ppm. In addition, zinc was accumulated in the body parts in the following sequence: gills, ovaries, liver, skin, and muscles, respectively, while in the following sequence: muscles, skin, gills, liver, and ovaries respectively in the lead. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in the quantity of zirconium that accumulated. According to the current study, the catfish's body parts did not accumulate toxic heavy metals at high rates. This may be due to study area the environment and the mechanisms of treating these types of metals by catfish.

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Longitudinal intrusion pattern of salinity in Shatt Al Arab estuary and reasons

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Impacts of Saltwater Intrusion on the Fish Assemblage in the Middle Part of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

Impacts of Saltwater Intrusion on the Fish Assemblage in the Middle Part of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

Estimation of tidal excursion length along the Shatt Al-Arab estuary, Southern Iraq

Study of some toxic metals in parts from catfish (Silurus triostegus) in Shatt Al-Arab river

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