Longitudinal Invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Ages 4 to 16 in the ALSPAC Sample

Speyer, Lydia Gabriela; Auyeung, Bonnie; Murray, Aja Louise

doi:10.1177/10731911221128948

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Given that the RMSEA was < .06, the CFI was very close to the threshold and consistent with the recommendation to consider multiple fit indices (Kline, 2016), the fit at age 5 years was also considered adequate. These results were consistent with previous research using the present and other samples [27,32]. The five-factor structure did not fit well at ages 3 and 17 (CFIs < .90).…”

Section: Factor Structuresupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To address research question 2, measurement invariance was tested at ages demonstrating adequate model fit (i.e., ages 5, 7, 11, and 14 years). The aim of our analyses was not to test longitudinal measurement invariance; this has already been demonstrated in this sample [32] and others [27]. Instead, we were specifically concerned with between-group invariance at each of the time points separately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longitudinal and gender invariance during childhood and adolescence were recently established for the parent-report SDQ using data from the Millennium Cohort Study [27], which will also be used in the present study. To our knowledge, SDQ measurement invariance across socioeconomic and ethnic categories across childhood and adolescence in the UK has not been fully investigated.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement invariance of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire across socioeconomic status and ethnicity from ages 3 to 17 years: A population cohort study

et al. 2022

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Mental health inequalities along ethnic and socioeconomic groupings are well documented. The extent to which these observed inequalities are genuine or reflect measurement differences is unclear. In the current study we sought to investigate this in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents in the United Kingdom. The main objective of the study was to establish whether the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was invariant across ethnicity and socioeconomic status groupings at six time points from 3 to 17 years (maximum N = 17,274). First, we fitted a series of confirmatory factor analysis models to the data and confirmed that the five-factor structure (emotional problems; peer problems; conduct problems; hyperactivity/inattention; and prosocial behaviour) had acceptable fit at ages 5, 7, 11, and 14 years. Next, we tested configural, metric, and scalar invariance at these time points and demonstrated scalar invariance across household income, parent highest education, and ethnicity categories. The five-factor structure did not fit well at ages 3 and 17 years; therefore invariance was not tested at these ages. These findings suggest the parent-report SDQ can be used to measure socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in mental health from ages 5–14 years but more consideration is required outside these ages.

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Section: Factor Structuresupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement invariance of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire across socioeconomic status and ethnicity from ages 3 to 17 years: A population cohort study

et al. 2022

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“…Internal consistency was assessed using ordinal alpha coefficients (Gadermann, Guhn, & Zumbo, 2012 ) and was satisfactory at 12 (α = .79), 16 (α = .78) and 21 years old (α = .86). Both emotional symptoms and peer problems SDQ subscales show good convergent validity as well as measurement invariance over time (Goodman & Scott, 1999 ; Speyer, Auyeng, & Murray, 2022 ; Vugteveen, de Bildt, Theunissen, Reijneveld, & Timmerman, 2021 ). They both correlate with similar measures from other widely used scales, such as the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self‐Report (YSR; Achenbach, 1991 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross‐lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood

Morneau‐Vaillancourt

Oginni

Assary

et al. 2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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BackgroundEmotional symptoms, such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, are common during adolescence, often persist over time, and can precede the emergence of severe anxiety and depressive disorders. Studies suggest that a vicious cycle of reciprocal influences between emotional symptoms and interpersonal difficulties may explain why some adolescents suffer from persisting emotional symptoms. However, the role of different types of interpersonal difficulties, such as social isolation and peer victimisation, in these reciprocal associations is still unclear. In addition, the lack of longitudinal twin studies conducted on emotional symptoms during adolescence means that the genetic and environmental contributions to these relationships during adolescence remain unknown.MethodsParticipants (N = 15,869) from the Twins Early Development Study completed self‐reports of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation at 12, 16 and 21 years old. A phenotypic cross‐lagged model examined reciprocal associations between variables over time, and a genetic extension of this model examined the aetiology of the relationships between variables at each timepoint.ResultsFirst, emotional symptoms were reciprocally and independently associated with both social isolation and peer victimisation over time, indicating that different forms of interpersonal difficulties uniquely contributed to emotional symptoms during adolescence and vice versa. Second, early peer victimisation predicted later emotional symptoms via social isolation in mid‐adolescence, indicating that social isolation may constitute an intermediate pathway through which peer victimisation predicts longer‐term emotional symptoms. Finally, individual differences in emotional symptoms were mostly accounted for by non‐shared environmental factors at each timepoint, and both gene–environment and individual‐specific environmental mechanisms were involved in the relationships between emotional symptoms and interpersonal difficulties.ConclusionsOur study highlights the necessity to intervene early in adolescence to prevent the escalation of emotional symptoms over time and to consider social isolation and peer victimisation as important risk factors for the long‐term persistence of emotional symptoms.

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“…It is designed to measure hyperactive and inattentive symptoms, ranges from 0 to 10, and has been validated against a DSM-5 diagnosis of ADHD in childhood and young adulthood . Previous studies indicate SDQ scores have configural, metric, scalar and residual invariance across ages 7 to 16 years (Speyer, Auyeung, & Murray, 2022), as well as internal consistency of SDQ subscales in adolescents/young adults in a clinical setting (Brann, Lethbridge, & Mildred, 2018). For reference, between ages 4 and 17 years, scores between 0 and 5 are classified as low, scores of 6-7 as slightly raised, or scores of 8-10 as high ADHD symptoms (Goodman, 1997).…”

Section: Measures and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic trait trajectories from childhood to early adulthood

Shakeshaft

Heron

Blakey

et al. 2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, defined as traits or disorders, commonly co‐occur. Developmental trajectories of ADHD and autistic traits both show heterogeneity in onset and course, but little is known about how symptom trajectories co‐develop into adulthood.MethodsUsing data from a population cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we examined correlations between ADHD and autistic traits across development, using the Social Communication Disorders Checklist and ADHD subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We modelled joint developmental trajectories of parent‐reported ADHD and autistic traits between 4 and 25 years, then characterised trajectory classes based on sociodemographic, perinatal, psychopathology, cognition and social functioning variables and tested for associations with neurodevelopmental/psychiatric polygenic scores (PGS).ResultsThree classes of trajectories were identified; a typically developing majority with low‐stable ADHD‐autistic traits (87%), a male‐predominant subgroup with child/adolescent‐declining traits (6%) and a subgroup with late‐emerging traits (6%). ADHD‐autistic trait correlations were greatest in young adulthood for the two nontypically developing classes. There were higher rates of emotional and conduct problems, low IQ, childhood seizures and poor social functioning in the declining and late‐emerging classes compared to the low‐stable class. Emotional, conduct and peer problems were more prevalent during childhood in the childhood/adolescent‐declining class compared to other classes, but were more prevalent in young adulthood in the late‐emerging class. Neurodevelopmental/psychiatric PGS also differed: both nontypically developing classes showed elevated ADHD PGS compared to the low‐stable group, and the late‐emerging group additionally showed elevated schizophrenia PGS and decreased executive function PGS, whereas the declining group showed elevated broad depression PGS.ConclusionsDistinct patterns of ADHD‐autism co‐development are present across development in the general population, each with different characterising factors and genetic signatures as indexed by PGS.

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Longitudinal Invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Ages 4 to 16 in the ALSPAC Sample

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Measurement invariance of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire across socioeconomic status and ethnicity from ages 3 to 17 years: A population cohort study

Measurement invariance of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire across socioeconomic status and ethnicity from ages 3 to 17 years: A population cohort study

A cross‐lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood

Co‐development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic trait trajectories from childhood to early adulthood

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