Longitudinal Stability of Cognition in Early-Phase Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Barbu, Roxana Mihaela; Berard, Jason A.; Gresham, Louise; Walker, Lisa A.S.

doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2016-073

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For cognitive measures, corrections for measurement error and practice effects were then calculated for each participant using the RCI, calculated as (T2 − T1) − (M2 − M1)/SED, where T1 and T2 are the individual's observed baseline and 2-year follow-up scores, M1 and M2 are the control group mean baseline and follow-up scores, and SED is the standard error of difference. An RCI [alpha set to 0.10 (two-tailed)] greater than +1.645 is considered a significant change, while reliable decline occurs when values fall below −1.645 (58)(59)(60).In the third step, in individuals with FEP, partial correlations controlling for chlorpromazine equivalent at baseline were computed for the continuous variables. The association between binary variables and the FAST score at 2-year follow-up was examined using a t-test, controlling again for the chlorpromazine equivalent effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: differences between males and females

Serra-Navarro

Amoretti²,

Verdolini³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundDeficits in psychosocial functioning are present in the early stages of psychosis. Several factors, such as premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive performance, and cognitive reserve (CR), potentially influence functionality. Sex differences are observed in individuals with psychosis in multiple domains. Nonetheless, few studies have explored the predictive factors of poor functioning according to sex in first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to explore sex differences, examine changes, and identify predictors of functioning according to sex after onset.Materials and methodsThe initial sample comprised 588 individuals. However, only adults with non-affective FEP (n = 247, 161 males and 86 females) and healthy controls (n = 224, 142 males and 82 females) were included. A comprehensive assessment including functional, neuropsychological, and clinical scales was performed at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. A linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up.ResultsFEP improved their functionality at follow-up (67.4% of both males and females). In males, longer duration of untreated psychosis (β = 0.328, p = 0.003) and worse premorbid adjustment (β = 0.256, p = 0.023) were associated with impaired functioning at 2-year follow-up, while in females processing speed (β = 0.403, p = 0.003), executive function (β = 0.299, p = 0.020) and CR (β = −0.307, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with functioning.ConclusionOur data indicate that predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up in the FEP group differ according to sex. Therefore, treatment and preventative efforts may be adjusted taking sex into account. Males may benefit from functional remediation at early stages. Conversely, in females, early interventions centered on CR enhancement and cognitive rehabilitation may be recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: differences between males and females

Serra-Navarro

Amoretti²,

Verdolini³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…In addition to studies comparing MS cohorts at different stages of the disease, there have been 24 longitudinal studies with persons with early MS. While some studies did not observe a decline on individual 121 or a battery of measures, 106 , 131 , 153 several identified an increase in cognitive impairments over time. For instance, Amato et al 133 noted that the number of persons with MS with no cognitive impairment decreased from 74% at baseline to 44% at the 10-year follow-up, with a particular increase in the number with mild cognitive impairment (8% to 34%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Persons’ education level has also been utilized as a marker for cognitive reserve. For instance, Barbu et al 131 used years of education and performance on the North American Adult Reading Test to calculate cognitive reserve. While they did not find that cognitive reserve predict change in cognitive functioning three years later, their sample did not exhibit significant decline over time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Early Neuropsychological Indicators of Cognitive Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis

Gromisch

Dhari

2021

NDT

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease of the central nervous system that is most commonly seen in early to middle adulthood, although it can be diagnosed during childhood or later in life. While cognitive impairment can become more prevalent and severe as the disease progresses, signs of cognitive involvement can be apparent in the early stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the prevalence and types of cognitive impairment seen in early MS, including the specific measures used to identify them, as well as the challenges in characterizing their frequency and progression. In addition to examining the progression of early cognitive involvement over time, we explore the clinical factors associated with early cognitive involvement, including demographics, level of physical disability, disease modifying therapy use, vocational status, and psychological and physical symptoms. Given the prevalence and functional impact these impairments can have for persons with MS, considerations for clinicians are provided, such as the role of early cognitive screenings and the importance of comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.

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“…Nonetheless, the exact meaning of the CR evokes considerable controversy. Some studies showed that the influence of a CR extended over several years of the MS disease course [39], whereas others did not prove its significance in predicting the level of cognitive decline [40].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Cognitive Function In Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Dysfunction in the Early Stages of Multiple Sclerosis—How Much and How Important?

Oset

Stasiołek

Matysiak

2020

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects young adults and that is one of the leading causes of disability in this age group, with cognitive impairment occurring early in the course of the disease. This article summarizes the current knowledge about cognitive dysfunction in the early phase of MS, including biomarkers, MRI correlates, and its value as a prognostic marker. Recent Findings New sets of neuropsychological tests have been established to screen for cognitive dysfunction more easily and accurately. Moreover, structural changes detected by brain MRI and several biomarkers found in cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum have been recently correlated with decreased cognitive performance. Additionally, factors influencing cognition in MS, such as disease-modifying therapy, mood disorders, and lifestyle, are better described. Summary Cognitive impairment early in the course of MS is suggested as a prognostic factor for disease progression. However, clear-cut definitions of the early stage of MS as well as unified criteria for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment are still lacking. New and more reliable tools for evaluating cognition in MS patients should be developed and introduced into everyday practice to facilitate the implementation of effective disease-modifying therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, and lifestyle management.

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Longitudinal Stability of Cognition in Early-Phase Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: differences between males and females

Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: differences between males and females

Identifying Early Neuropsychological Indicators of Cognitive Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis

Cognitive Dysfunction in the Early Stages of Multiple Sclerosis—How Much and How Important?

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