Longitudinal studies of immune function in cattle experimentally infected with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus and/or bovine leukemia virus

Flaming, Kevan Paul; Frank, Daniel L.; Carpenter, Susan; Roth, James A.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(96)05730-3

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The wide variability in both the spontaneous and PHA-induced blastogenesis rate was recorded in the present experiment as well as by other authors (THODE-JENSEN and CHRISENSEN, 1981;FISCUS et al, 1983;TIERNEY et al, 1997;FLAMING et al, 1997). A possible polygenic nature could explain a wide variability of this trait.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

Proliferation response of lymphocytes in naturally BLV-infected cows with different phenotypes of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase

2006

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In Black-and-White cattle, polymorphism of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase (AcP) is determined by a pair of autosomal alleles. Blood leukocyte AcP polymorphism exhibits a correlation with the white cell composition and the granulocyte metabolic efficiency in clinically healthy animals. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the AcP polymorphism and the lymphocyte proliferation response capacity in the first three months after calving of cows naturally-infected with bovine leukaemia virus. The study covered 61 Black-andWhite cows originating from one herd. The ELISA and PCR tests were used in the diagnosing BLV infections. Additionally agarose gel electrophoresis was used to determine the AcP polymorphism and the lymphocyte proliferation efficiency was determined based on the lymphoblastic transformation test using the isotope method. The obtained results suggest that the product of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase gene is likely to participate in the lymphocyte activation and proliferation and that there is an association between the biological function expression of the AcP gene product and the cows' susceptibility to infection with bovine leukaemia virus. Moreover, the results obtained seem to indicate that the correlation of both factors − the bovine leukaemia virus and the month of lactation − modifies the proliferation response of the phytohaemagglutinin unstimulated lymphocytes.

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confidence: 86%

Proliferation response of lymphocytes in naturally BLV-infected cows with different phenotypes of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase

2006

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“…Thus, prior to this outbreak, A. marginale infection played an insignificant role in Switzerland, and the extent and the severity of the present outbreak came unexpectedly. Concurrent infection with bovine retroviruses, which have occasionally been reported to be immunosuppressive (14,54), seemed unlikely; no evidence of such a concurrent infection was found in 10 animals tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Concurrent Infections with Vector-Borne Pathogens Associated with Fatal Hemolytic Anemia in a Cattle Herd in Switzerland

Hofmann‐Lehmann¹,

Meli²,

Dreher³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

127

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Bovine anaplasmosis is a vector-borne disease that results in substantial economic losses in other parts of the world but so far not in northern Europe. In August 2002, a fatal disease outbreak was reported in a large dairy herd in the Swiss canton of Grisons. Diseased animals experienced fever, anorexia, agalactia, and depression. Anemia, ectoparasite infestation, and, occasionally, hemoglobinuria were observed. To determine the roles of vector-borne pathogens and to characterize the disease, blood samples were collected from all 286 animals: 50% of the cows were anemic. Upon microscopic examination of red blood cells, Anaplasma marginale inclusion bodies were found in 47% of the cows. The infection was confirmed serologically and by molecular methods. Interestingly, we also found evidence of infections with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, large Babesia and Theileria spp., and Mycoplasma wenyonii. The last two species had not previously been described in Switzerland. Anemia was significantly associated with the presence of the infectious agents detected, with the exception of A. phagocytophilum. Remarkably, concurrent infections with up to five infectious vector-borne agents were detected in 90% of the ill animals tested by PCR. We concluded that A. marginale was the major cause of the hemolytic anemia, while coinfections with other agents exacerbated the disease. This was the first severe disease outbreak associated with concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens in alpine Switzerland; it was presumably curtailed by culling of the entire herd. It remains to be seen whether similar disease outbreaks will have to be anticipated in northern Europe in the future.

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“…However, results of additional studies indicate either mild or no immunosuppression judged on the basis of lymphocyte blastogenesis, neutrophil function, or mononuclear cell subset analyses. 10,12,31 Results of a more recent study indicate a decrease in the CD4 to CD8 ratio during the period from 2 to 7 weeks after inoculation. 36 This decreased ratio was a result of increased numbers of CD8 cells concurrent with a smaller increase in number of CD4 cells.…”

Section: Effects On Lymphoreticular Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…5,6,26 Although alterations of the immune response have been reported, they are generally regarded as transitory and not life-threatening. 10,31 Once infected with BIV, cattle are presumed to be infected for life. 2,8 Results of long-term studies of virus persistence in experimentally infected cattle indicate that the virus may remain infectious for as long as 4 years without progression to clinical disease.…”

Section: Host Range and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversies and clarifications regarding bovine lentivirus infections

Evermann¹,

Howard²,

Dubovi³

et al. 2000

javma

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Longitudinal studies of immune function in cattle experimentally infected with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus and/or bovine leukemia virus

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Proliferation response of lymphocytes in naturally BLV-infected cows with different phenotypes of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase

Proliferation response of lymphocytes in naturally BLV-infected cows with different phenotypes of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase

Concurrent Infections with Vector-Borne Pathogens Associated with Fatal Hemolytic Anemia in a Cattle Herd in Switzerland

Controversies and clarifications regarding bovine lentivirus infections

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