“…In this study we investigated the level and types of innovations of female social entrepreneurs in Africa (FSEAs) and how they create value in their societies. From the literature it is clear that innovation is an essential entrepreneurial activity (Guerrero & Urbano, 2021;Lumpkin & Frese, 2009;Pearce, Fritz & Davis, 2010;Rauch, Wiklund, Schumpeter & Miller, 1987;Yusoff, Razak, Hassan & Zainol, 2018). Entrepreneurship theories have identified different types (Schumpeter, 1939;Zhao, 2005) and levels (Elbaz, Binkour & Majdouline, 2013;Hamel & Breen, 2007;Lewrick, Williams, Omar & Tjandra, 2015) of innovation.…”