Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of the 5.8S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Gene Found in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Nikolskaia, Olga V.; Thekisoe, Oriel; Dumler, J. Stephen; Grab, Dennis J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0288

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Different diagnostic approaches were also explored for parasitological detection [56][57][58], disease staging [54,[59][60][61], and treatment follow-up [62,63]. A number of papers explored the potential of molecular tools for HAT, with many determining that LAMP displayed the greatest field potential at the current time [64][65][66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Goal: Global Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NTD Diagnostics for Disease Elimination: A Review

Taylor

2020

Diagnostics

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Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) marked out for disease elimination provide a lens through which to explore the changing status of diagnosis in global health. This paper reports on the findings of a scoping review, which set out to explore the main debates around diagnosis for the elimination of NTDs, including the multiple roles diagnostic technologies are being ascribed and the ideal characteristics of tests. It also attempts to summarise the state of diagnosis for three NTDs with elimination goals. The review places special emphasis on point-of-care testing in acknowledgement of the remote and underserved areas where NTDs proliferate. Early NTD campaigns were largely focused on attack phase planning, whereby a similar set of interventions could be transplanted anywhere. Now, with elimination goals in sight, strategies must be tailored to local settings if they are to attain and sustain success. Diagnostic data helps with local adaptation and is increasingly used for programmatic decision-making. The review finds that elimination goals reframe whom diagnosis is for and the myriad roles diagnostics can play. The exigencies of elimination also serve to highlight deficiencies in the current diagnostic arsenal and development pipeline for many NTDs. Moving forward, a guiding framework is needed to drive research and stimulate investment in diagnosis to support NTD goals.

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Section: Goal: Global Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NTD Diagnostics for Disease Elimination: A Review

Taylor

2020

Diagnostics

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“…Other recently launched tests include the T. brucei specific simple LED fluorescence microscope [ 11 ] and nucleic acid detecting RIME loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test [ 12 ]. In addition, other experimental subgenus Trypanozoon LAMP tests have been reported [ 13 – 15 ] as well as more recently a T. brucei gambiense LAMP test [ 16 ]. It is postulated that the current serological tests will continue to play a dominant role in screening of HAT in population even after elimination while the LED microscopy and RIME LAMP test may have limited application in xenomonitoring for HAT due to their inability to exclude T. b. brucei .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Test forTrypanosoma gambienseGroup 1 with Stem Primers: A Molecular Xenomonitoring Test for Sleeping Sickness

Njiru

Mbae

Mburugu

2017

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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The World Health Organization has targeted Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) for elimination by 2020 with zero incidence by 2030. To achieve and sustain this goal, accurate and easy-to-deploy diagnostic tests for Gambian trypanosomiasis which accounts for over 98% of reported cases will play a crucial role. Most needed will be tools for surveillance of pathogen in vectors (xenomonitoring) since population screening tests are readily available. The development of new tests is expensive and takes a long time while incremental improvement of existing technologies that have potential for xenomonitoring may offer a shorter pathway to tools for HAT surveillance. We have investigated the effect of including a second set of reaction accelerating primers (stem primers) to the standard T. brucei gambiense LAMP test format. The new test format was analyzed with and without outer primers. Amplification was carried out using Rotorgene 6000 and the portable ESE Quant amplification unit capable of real-time data output. The stem LAMP formats indicated shorter time to results (~8 min), were 10–100-fold more sensitive, and indicated higher diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy compared to the standard LAMP test. It was possible to confirm the predicted product using ESE melt curves demonstrating the potential of combining LAMP and real-time technologies as possible tool for HAT molecular xenomonitoring.

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“…While PCR is obviously suitable for direct pathogen detection, this technique has limitations in resource-poor field POC settings. Here, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology appears to be easier to implement [113][114][115]. The development of easy-to-use high-PPV diagnostic tools for trypanosomiasis is crucial, especially now that disease prevalence is in decline.…”

Section: Recent Advances In the Diagnosis Of Hat And Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivarian Trypanosomes Have Adopted Intricate Host-Pathogen Interaction Mechanisms That Ensure Survival in Plain Sight of the Adaptive Immune System

Magez

Torres

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites affecting humans, livestock and game animals. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are human infective sub-species of T. brucei causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT—sleeping sickness). The related T. b. brucei parasite lacks the resistance to survive in human serum, and only inflicts animal infections. Animal trypanosomiasis (AT) is not restricted to Africa, but is present on all continents. T. congolense and T. vivax are the most widespread pathogenic trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Through mechanical transmission, T. vivax has also been introduced into South America. T. evansi is a unique animal trypanosome that is found in vast territories around the world and can cause atypical human trypanosomiasis (aHT). All salivarian trypanosomes are well adapted to survival inside the host’s immune system. This is not a hostile environment for these parasites, but the place where they thrive. Here we provide an overview of the latest insights into the host-parasite interaction and the unique survival strategies that allow trypanosomes to outsmart the immune system. In addition, we review new developments in treatment and diagnosis as well as the issues that have hampered the development of field-applicable anti-trypanosome vaccines for the implementation of sustainable disease control.

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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of the 5.8S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Gene Found in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

NTD Diagnostics for Disease Elimination: A Review

NTD Diagnostics for Disease Elimination: A Review

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Test forTrypanosoma gambienseGroup 1 with Stem Primers: A Molecular Xenomonitoring Test for Sleeping Sickness

Salivarian Trypanosomes Have Adopted Intricate Host-Pathogen Interaction Mechanisms That Ensure Survival in Plain Sight of the Adaptive Immune System

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