Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Identification of Pythium insidiosum

Htun, Zin Mar; Rotchanapreeda, Tiwa; Rujirawat, Thidarat; Lohnoo, Tassanee; Yingyong, Wanta; Kumsang, Yothin; Sae‐Chew, Pattarana; Payattikul, Penpan; Yurayart, Chompoonek; Limsivilai, Orawan; Sonthayanon, Piengchan; Mangmee, Suthee; Chongtrakool, Piriyaporn; Krajaejun, Theerapong

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1430

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…LAMP offers a rapid and high throughput alternative for detection of several types of disease-causing fungi viz. Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Mucor racemosus ( Nakayama et al., 2017 ) , Trichosporonasahii ( Zhou et al., 2015 ), Aspergillus fumigatus ( Jiang et al., 2021 ) , Pythium insidiosum ( Htun et al., 2020 ) , etc. These studies have shown the requirement of a very low amount of DNA for LAMP assay which shows the high sensitivity of this method.…”

Section: Diagnostic Applications Of Conventional Lampmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid and efficient detection of pathogens

Garg

Ahmad

Kar

2022

Current Research in Microbial Sciences

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Section: Diagnostic Applications Of Conventional Lampmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid and efficient detection of pathogens

Garg

Ahmad

Kar

2022

Current Research in Microbial Sciences

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“…PCR for Pythium detection has rapidly evolved. The initial nested PCR had a sensitivity of around 90% with 80% specificity [ 51 ]. Duplex PCR targeting 18S rRNA and ITS showed 100% specificity but 91% sensitivity [ 49 ].…”

Section: Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pythium insidiosum Keratitis: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2022

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Pythium insidiosum (PI) is an oomycete, a protist belonging to the clade Stramenopila. PI causes vision-threatening keratitis closely mimicking fungal keratitis (FK), hence it is also labeled as “parafungus”. PI keratitis was initially confined to Thailand, USA, China, and Australia, but with growing clinical awareness and improvement in diagnostic modalities, the last decade saw a massive upsurge in numbers with the majority of reports coming from India. In the early 1990s, pythiosis was classified as vascular, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, systemic, and ocular. Clinically, morphologically, and microbiologically, PI keratitis closely resembles severe FK and requires a high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosis. The clinical features such as reticular dot infiltrate, tentacular projections, peripheral thinning with guttering, and rapid limbal spread distinguish it from other microorganisms. Routine smearing with Gram and KOH stain reveals perpendicular septate/aseptate hyphae, which closely mimic fungi and make the diagnosis cumbersome. The definitive diagnosis is the presence of dull grey/brown refractile colonies along with zoospore formation upon culture by leaf induction method. However, culture is time-consuming, and currently polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is the gold standard. The value of other diagnostic modalities such as confocal microscopy and immunohistopathological assays is limited due to cost, non-availability, and limited diagnostic accuracy. PI keratitis is a relatively rare disease without established treatment protocols. Because of its resemblance to fungus, it was earlier treated with antifungals but with an improved understanding of its cell wall structure and absence of ergosterol, this is no longer recommended. Currently, antibacterials have shown promising results. Therapeutic keratoplasty with good margin (1 mm) is mandated for non-resolving cases and corneal perforation. In this review, we have deliberated on the evolution of PI keratitis, covered all the recently available literature, described our current understanding of the diagnosis and treatment, and the potential future diagnostic and management options for PI keratitis.

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“…The clinical manifestation of pythiosis can be similar to other fungal infections [11,24], leading to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and poor prognosis. Some diagnostic modalities have been developed and used for diagnosing pythiosis, such as culture identification and zoospore induction [25][26][27][28], histological examination (i.e., immunostaining) [29][30][31][32][33][34], serological tests [i.e., immunodiffusion (ID), Western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutination (HA), and immunochromatography (ICT)] [35][36][37][38][39][40][41], molecular assays (i.e., PCR and sequence homology analysis) [42][43][44][45], and proteomic approaches [46,47]. P. insidiosum exhibits limited sensitivity to conventional antimicrobial agents [48,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution and Clinical Features of Pythiosis in Humans and Animals

Yolanda

Krajaejun

2022

JoF

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Pythiosis is a difficult-to-treat infectious disease caused by Pythium insidiosum. The condition is unfamiliar among healthcare workers. Manifestation of pythiosis is similar to other fungal infections, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. The geographical extent of pythiosis at a global scale is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the clinical information recorded in the scientific literature to comprehensively project epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and future trends of pythiosis. From 1980 to 2021, 4203 cases of pythiosis in humans (n = 771; 18.3%) and animals (primarily horse, dog, and cow; n = 3432; 81.7%), with an average of 103 cases/year, were recruited. Pythiosis case reports significantly increased in the last decade. Pythiosis spanned 23 tropical, subtropical, and temperate countries worldwide. Some patients acquired pythiosis from a trip to an endemic country. Strikingly, 94.3% of human cases were in India and Thailand, while 79.2% of affected animals were in the U.S.A. and Brazil. Clinical features of pythiosis varied. Vascular and ocular pythiosis were only observed in humans, whereas cutaneous/subcutaneous and gastrointestinal infections were predominant in animals. Mortality depended on host species and clinical forms: for example, none in patients with ocular pythiosis, 0.7% in cows with a cutaneous lesion, 26.8% in humans with vascular disease, 86.4% in dogs with gastrointestinal pathology, and 100% in several animals with disseminated infection. In summary, this study reports up-to-date epidemiological and clinical features of pythiosis in humans and animals. It increases awareness of this life-threatening disease, as the illness or outbreak can exist in any country, not limited to the endemic areas.

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Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Identification of Pythium insidiosum

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Recent advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid and efficient detection of pathogens

Recent advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid and efficient detection of pathogens

Pythium insidiosum Keratitis: Past, Present, and Future

Global Distribution and Clinical Features of Pythiosis in Humans and Animals

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