Loricate ciliates as an indicator of eutrophication status in the estuarine and coastal waters

Sivasankar, R.; Ezhilarasan, P.; Kumar, P. Sathish; Naidu, S. A.; Rao, G. D.; Kanuri, Vishnu Vardhan; Rao, V. Ranga; Ramu, Karri

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.027

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…While coastal tintinnid community was much more complex, it was composed by more species with low abundance . This distribution pattern was consistent with that of zooplankton in the Gironde estuary, where the upstream zone was exclusively dominated by one copepod, major tintinnid species at estuarine environment in southwest coast of India (Sivasankar et al, 2018). In this study, swarm of T. amoyensis occurred at salinity 5.4-9.2 (Fig.…”

Section: Tintinnid Community Varations Along Salinity Gradientsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Diversity and distribution of tintinnid ciliates along salinity gradient in the Pearl River Estuary in southern China

Wang

Chen

et al. 2019

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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from upstream freshwaters to polyhaline waters. A total of 43 tintinnid species in 15 genera were identified. Freshwater, brackish and marine species occurred in sequence along salinity gradient. Tintinnopsis mayeri, T. tubulosa and Tintinnidium fluviatile were freshwater species. Fourteen and 15 tintinnid species were considered as brackish and marine species, respectively. The preferred salinity of freshwater species was < 3, and the abundance of freshwater species decreased along salinity gradient. Preferred salinity of brackish species ranged in 3-23. High abundance of brackish species occurred at mesohaline regions and decreased towards both oligohaline and polyhaline regions. Marine species abundance dropped sharply with the decrease of salinity, and seldom appeared when salinity was < 15. Tintinnid species richness was low at low salinity areas. With the increase of salinity, tintinnid species richness showed different variation patterns in different seasons. Tintinnid abundance showed bimodal-peak along salinity gradient. The first abundance peak was mainly contributed by brackish species and occurred where salinity was < 15. While the second abundance peak appeared where salinity was around 25 or > 30, which was mainly contributed by marine species. Low salinity, brackish and coastal tintinnid communities were divided based on the abundance percentage variations of different tintinnid types. Complexities of those communities increased along salinity gradient.

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Section: Tintinnid Community Varations Along Salinity Gradientsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Most marine tintinnids in our study were common species in coastal and estuarine waters around the world (G odhantaraman and Uye, 2003;Urrutxurtu, 2004;Li et al, 2016;Feng et al, 2018;Sivasankar et al, 2018). Their abundances plummeted sharply with the decrease of salinity in the Pearl River Estuary (Fig.…”

Section: Marine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Diversity and distribution of tintinnid ciliates along salinity gradient in the Pearl River Estuary in southern China

Wang

Chen

et al. 2019

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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“…al., 2011). Since, tintinnid communities are sensitive to changes in environmental factors, they are valuable tools for indicating hydrological conditions and trophic status, as well as for evaluating the water quality (Bojanic et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2012;Sivasankar et al, 2018). There are many studies on tintinnids in different regions of the Mediterranean Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variations of tintinnids (Ciliata: Protozoa) in the Bay of Mersin, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea

2019

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Seasonal variations in species composition and abundance of tintinnids were investigated in the eutrophic coastal and offshore waters of Mersin Bay. Twelve sampling cruises were performed from September 2008 to February 2011. A total of 85 tintinnid taxa were identified. Among the recorded genera, agglutinated Tintinnopsis had the largest number of species (12 species), followed by hyaline loricated Eutintinnius (9 species), and Proplectella (7 species). Stenosemella ventricosa, Tintinnopsis beroidea, T. compressa, Favella azorica, and Helicostemella subulata were the dominant species during the study period. There were clear seasonal variations in species composition and abundance of tintinnids. The highest number of tintinnid species occurred in January 2009 and November 2010 in the entire study area, while the lowest species number occurred in March 2009. Morever, species numbers were higher in offshore stations than coastal stations. Some species were present in the coastal area of the bay, and other species were present offshore. The highest tintinnid abundance values were found in September 2008 (820 ind L-1) and August 2009 (749 ind L-1) at coastal stations. The high abundance values in the coastal stations indicates that an increase of tintinnids is closely related to trophic status of the marine environment. In connection with these results, correlation analysis revealed that chlorophyll-a had an important effect on tintinnid abundance. Tintinnid communities may be used as a potential bio-indicator for assessing the trophic state of the coastal seas and bays.

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“…In particular, tintinnine ciliates are conspicuous due to the diversity of loricae produced by their cell propers. Tintinnines have been of great interest in the field of protistology because they (i) display distinct patterns of diversity and biogeography [6] [7]; (ii) serve as bioindicators of water quality and hydrological circulation [8][9] [10] [11]; (iii) are prey for fish larvae and other small metazoans [12] [13]; and (iv) can leave fossilized loricae that are useful in evolutionary studies [14] [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Redescriptions in Tintinnopsis (Protista ：Ciliophora: Tintinnina) from Coastal Waters of China, with Cytology and Phylogenetic Analyses Based on Ribosomal RNA Genes

Bai

Wang

Song

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The taxonomy of tintinnine ciliates is vastly unresolved because it has traditionally been based on the lorica (a secreted shell) and it has only recently incorporated cytological and molecular information. Tintinnopsis, the most speciose tintinnine genus, is also the most problematic: it is known to be non-monophyletic, but it cannot be revised until more of its species are studied with modern methods.Results: Here, T. hemispiralis Yin, 1956, T. kiaochowensis Yin, 1956, and T. uruguayensis Balech, 1948, from coastal waters of China, were studied. Lorica and cell features were morphometrically investigated in living and protargol-stained specimens, and sequences of three ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were phylogenetically analyzed. The three species show a complex ciliary pattern (with ventral, dorsal, and posterior kineties and right, left, and lateral ciliary fields), but differ in lorica morphology, details of the somatic ciliature and rRNA gene sequences. Tintinnopsis hemispiralis is further distinguished by a ciliary tuft (a ribbon of very long cilia originating from the middle portion of the ventral kinety and extending out of the lorica) and multiple macronuclear nodules. Both T. kiaochowensis and T. uruguayensis have two macronuclear nodules, but differ in the number of somatic kineties and the position of the posterior kinety. Two neotypes are fixed for T. hemispiralis and T. kiaochowensis to stabilize the species names objectively, mainly because of the previous unavailability of type materials. By phylogenetic analysis and comparison with closely-related species, we infer that the ciliary tuft and details such as the commencement of the rightmost kinety in the lateral ciliary field are synapomorphies that may help clarify the systematics of Tintinnopsis-like taxa.Conclusion: The redescriptions of three poorly known Tintinnopsis species, namely T. hemispiralis, T. kiaochowensis, and T. uruguayensis firstly revealed their ciliary pattern and rRNA sequences. This study expands knowledge and database of tintinnines and helps in identifying potential synapomorphies for future taxonomic rearrangements.

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Loricate ciliates as an indicator of eutrophication status in the estuarine and coastal waters

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Diversity and distribution of tintinnid ciliates along salinity gradient in the Pearl River Estuary in southern China

Diversity and distribution of tintinnid ciliates along salinity gradient in the Pearl River Estuary in southern China

Spatial and temporal variations of tintinnids (Ciliata: Protozoa) in the Bay of Mersin, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea

Three Redescriptions in Tintinnopsis (Protista ：Ciliophora: Tintinnina) from Coastal Waters of China, with Cytology and Phylogenetic Analyses Based on Ribosomal RNA Genes

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