Los sistemas agroforestales y la incidencia sobre el estatus hídrico en árboles de cacao

Espinosa, Claudia Mercedes Ordoñez; Salazar, Juan Carlos Suárez; Churio, Jesús Orlando Rangel; Mora, David Saavedra

doi:10.18684/bsaa.v19.n1.2021.1623

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This study was carried out in the Department of Huila, located in the southwestern part of Colombia between 3º55'12" and 1º30'04" north latitude, 74º25'24" and 76º35'16" longitude west of the Greenwich meridian. Under a bimodal regime, precipitation in the territory varies between 668 and 1500 mm per year, with dry periods in the months of January, February and July, August-September, high monthly solar radiation (1498.2 micromol m 2 /s m) and brightness solar (6 hours of sun / day), which requires adaptation under agroforestry systems [16].…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Quality Index in Cocoa Crops

Ducuara Manrique,

Manrique Medina,

Vargas Ortiz

2024

TEM Journal

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The main objective of this research is to develop a methodology to calculate a soil quality index in cocoa crops (Theobroma cacao L.), based on chemical properties such as pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and percentage of base saturation, essential for the availability of nutrients in each cocoa tree. The problematic situation that causes this research is related to low yields per hectare, in small and medium-sized cocoa farms in the department of Huila – Colombia. A chemical quality index is proposed, which facilitates the analysis of the health behavior of the cultivated soil and nutrition of the cocoa plants, as a result of its interrelation with the physical and biological aspects. The proposed methodology is based on principal components analysis, to obtain weights and variable standardization equations, which evaluate 248 soil samples. The data indicate that in the cocoa producing land lots there are high pH values, cation exchange capacity and base saturation, but low levels of organic matter. It is concluded that in general the soils used showed moderate or low quality (52.42% and 11.29%, respectively), the rest showed high quality (36.29%). A soil intervention can improve its quality, however, the characteristic of the crop and the low levels of organic matter, requires recovering the properties and improving the health of the soil, if possible, through the implementation of regenerative agriculture, the object of future studies and research.

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Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Quality Index in Cocoa Crops

Ducuara Manrique,

Manrique Medina,

Vargas Ortiz

2024

TEM Journal

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“…The AFS have been shown to influence environmental variables, which affect the water status of cocoa farms, as well as the distribution of water in the soil profile [25,26]. Under AFS, trees used as shade canopy regulate the transmitted radiation affecting soil evaporation and leaf transpiration [43,44] and consequently the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and evapotranspiration (ET0) [45,46].…”

Section: Microclimatic Conditions Water Content and Soil Properties U...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cocoa is grown under different agroforestry structures [24], which impacts the water status of cocoa trees [25,26]; therefore, knowing the dynamics of soil drainage under cocoa production systems is important for managing a proper water balance. Understanding the dynamics of soil drainage is necessary to know the water demand because when there are situations of stress caused by water deficit, physiological processes such as photosynthesis are affected [27][28][29][30], resulting in adverse effects on production [14,31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Flow in the Soil Profile Under an Agroforestry System in the Colombian Amazon Based on HYDRUS-1D Model

Buriticá,

Suárez,

Ortiz-Morea

2023

Preprint

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Knowledge of water availability in terms of spatial (i.e., depth) and temporal variability of soil water is essential to describe soil water infiltration and storage processes accurately. Therefore, performing simulations of soil water dynamics can be a valuable tool to evaluate different land uses and their impact on water availability. Consequently, this study aimed to model the volumetric soil water content (θ, cm3 cm-3) under agroforestry systems (AFS) with cocoa. For this purpose, the θ was monitored at different depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 cm) in the soil profile of four plots (20 × 50 m) of cocoa under agroforestry systems. Environmental conditions significantly influenced the water balance of the cocoa crop. There were seven moments when evapotranspiration (ET0) was higher than 5 mm d-1. During those moments, the environment exhibited higher PAR values of 1041 µmol m-2 s-1, very low atmospheric relative humidity (RHa) levels (around 45%), higher ambient temperatures of 32.2 ºC and a vapor pressure deficit of 1.6 kPa whose θ levels reached 0.32 cm3 cm-3 and a water balance of -5.7 mm, which presented negative values during most of the study period. The θ obtained from the HYDRUS-1D model presented a slight bias as a high level of coherence between the observed values, based on the model's goodness-of-fit estimators. The above provides accurate simulations of soil water content at various depths, much-needed information for management schemes for cocoa cultivation under agroforestry systems.

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“…The climate in the Huila region is characterized by rainfall that varies between 668 and 1500 mm per year, with dry periods in the months of January, February and July, August and September, high monthly solar radiation (1498.2 micromole m2/s m) and solar brightness (6 hours of sun/day). Due to these climatic conditions, the adaptation of agroforestry systems is required for its cultivation, as pointed out by Ordonez et al [3]. In this sense, the cultivation of cocoa under shade is widely recommended to face climate change and reduce deforestation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model to Estimate Determinants of an Area Harvested in Cocoa Production Systems

Manrique,

Trujillo,

Arias Barrera

2023

TEM Journal

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The stakeholders of the cocoa sector should be introduced with determinants that influence an area of cocoa harvest. Objective of the study is to identify the determinants of a harvested area in small cocoa production units in Huila. A correlational method, cross section, and quantitative approach was used with data from the last National agricultural census. Results of the study revealed that major area does not use credit, advice and irrigation increase the area while the organic fertilization is positive. Those displaced by violence have less harvest area and the primary and secondary sectors are positively associated with an increase in area. It can be concluded that the determinants of harvested area identified in this study exhibit a low management behavior in the agronomic practices of cocoa producers that limit the expansion of the harvested area in Huila. This aspect affects the medium and long-term economic sustainability of this agricultural activity. Therefore, continuous training and education of the producers are essential in order to improve this problematic situation.

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Los sistemas agroforestales y la incidencia sobre el estatus hídrico en árboles de cacao

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Soil Quality Index in Cocoa Crops

Soil Quality Index in Cocoa Crops

Water Flow in the Soil Profile Under an Agroforestry System in the Colombian Amazon Based on HYDRUS-1D Model

Model to Estimate Determinants of an Area Harvested in Cocoa Production Systems

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